The effects of San-Yu-Tang (SYT) on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced amnesia were assessed by passive avoidance in rats. Oral SYT administration (0.5 or 1 g/kg for 1 week) significantly prolonged step-through latency in the amnesic animals. This beneficial effect of SYT on CXM-induced amnesia was enhanced by 8-OH-DPAT (a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor), but reduced by scopolamine (a muscarin...

We experienced a case of primary pulmonary biphasic synovial sarcoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and molecular testing of SYT-SSX2 fusion transcripts. The patient was a 61-year-old man who presented with a well-defined mass in the left upper lung field on chest radiography. Left upper lobectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. Histological and immunophenotypic features...

Neurite outgrowth is mediated by the exocytosis of intracellular vesicles at the tips of elongating neuronal processes. The lysosomal vesicle-associated soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor tetanus neurotoxin insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP)/VAMP7 was previously implicated in membrane fusion events mediating neurite outgrowth, but the pa...

The age-related decline of learning and memory is a common phenomenon in humans and animals, even though the underlying mechanism is not yet known. In the present study, we propose that synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) might be a synaptic protein involved in the loss of learning and memory with aging. To test this hypothesis, the age-related spatial cognitive ability of 36 P8 mice (15 mice aged 4 months...

In sympathetic neurons, it is well-established that the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ATP are differentially coreleased from the same neurons. In this study, we determined whether synaptotagmin (syt) I, the primary Ca(2+) sensor for regulated release, could function as the protein that differentially regulates release of these neurotransmitters. Plasmid-based...

Background. Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive soft-tissue malignancy. This study examines the presence of the SYT-SSX fusion transcript in synovial sarcoma microvesicles as well as its potential role as a biomarker for synovial sarcoma. Patients and Methods. Microvesicle release of synovial sarcoma cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RNA-content was analyzed by qPCR, nested ...

Differentiation of presynaptic nerve terminals involves changes in gene expression; these may be regulated by synaptic transmission and/or by contact with the target muscle. To gain insight into the control of presynaptic differentiation, we examined the regulation by target and synaptic activity of synaptic vesicle protein (SVP) genes in the chick ciliary ganglion (CG). In the CG, two SVP gene...

The tandem C2-domains of synaptotagmin 1 (syt) function as Ca(2+)-binding modules that trigger exocytosis; in the absence of Ca(2+), syt inhibits spontaneous release. Here, we used proline linkers to constrain and alter the relative orientation of these C2-domains. Short poly-proline helices have a period of three, so large changes in the relative disposition of the C2-domains result from chang...

Synaptotagmin is considered a calcium-dependent trigger for regulated exocytosis. We examined the role of synaptotagmin VII (Syt VII) in the calcium-dependent exocytosis of individual lysosomes in wild-type (WT) and Syt VII knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. In WT MEFs, most lysosomes only partially released their contents, ...