Despite the many advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), infection remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of patients. The reasons for the high incidence of infection are immunosuppressive therapy and immune disturbances of lupus itself. Bacterial infections are most frequent, followed by viral and fungal infections. Vaccination is the most importan...

Macrocheilia is a challenging problem with a variety of underlying causes that are both local and systemic, and granulomatous causes underlie the majority of cases. In this study, we report on a 31-year old man who presented with a chronic lower lip enlargement and a nodular submental erythematous lesion. He was otherwise clinically healthy. Laboratory test results were within the normal limit ...

A 5-year-old female developed, after a 7-month period of fever, anorexia, weight loss, and a transitory cutaneous erythematous eruption, a severe acute transverse myelopathy, with a partial recovery of motor and sensory function. She had positive antinuclear and antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies but no antiphospholipid antibodies. Six months later she had massive proteinuria and restarted trea...

BACKGROUND von Willebrand factor (VWF) is involved in platelet plug formation and protein transport. Increased VWF levels in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) are considered risk factors for vascular events. VWF protein levels, however, do not accurately reflect its platelet-aggregating function, which has not been examined in SLE. METHODS Cross-sectional study with clinical and laboratory da...

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disorder with unclear etiology. The importance of some genes in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus has been implicated. The gene polymorphism in codon 72 has attracted a lot of attention and its role in the occurrence or progression of many cancers and autoimmune diseases especially systemic lupus erythematosus has ...

Various studies have demonstrated the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the concentration of C reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the supplementation of these types of lipids may represent additional option treatment for chronic systemic diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematous and other rheumatic diseases...

OBJECTIVE To report a recent clustering of chilblain cases in Hong Kong. DESIGN Case series. SETTING A regional hospital and a social hygiene clinic in the New Territories West, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of chilblains in February 2008. RESULTS Eleven patients with chilblains were identified; seven (64%) gave an antecedent history of prolonged exposure to col...

Background: Juvenile Systemic lupus erythematous is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes damage to various organs such as kidneys, blood, musculoskeletal and nervous system. SLE variable ranging From mild severe with unpredictable course of the periods remission flares. Methods : The study included 67 patients diagnosed having jSLE according Lupus International Collaborating Cl...

operatively, we suspected that this most likely represented a benign smooth muscle tumor that had eroded through the iris root. Amyloid can occur as a localized ocular or widespread systemic process. Approximately 4% of amyloid deposits in the head and neck region involve the orbit. Amyloid deposits in ophthalmic structures can occur as a primary or secondary process. Primary deposits (which ca...

Scalp involvement with hair loss is common in systemic lupus erythematosus. Discoid erythematosus may cause scarring alopecia, characterized by well-delimited erythematous plaques scales, follicular hyperkeratosis and atrophy, which considered a trichological emergency. Early diagnosis treatment are necessary order to prevent permanent loss. We describe 44 years’ old female patient for 4 years,...