In this commentary, I argue that corruption in health systems is a critical and legitimate area for research in order to strengthen health policy goals. This rationale is based partly on citizen demand for more accountable and transparent health systems, along with the fact that the poor and vulnerable suffer the most from the presence of corruption in health systems. W...

This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...

Erosion of citizen’s trust in Government due to rampant corruption at various levels in the Government ought to be an area of serious concern for developing countries and development agencies. A well-planned e-government strategy can build a more efficient, accountable and transparent government. If planned in consultation with representation from key stakeholders, e-government applications can...

background and purpose: more than a third of the world’s population lack access to essential medicines, despite the presence of several international agreements that proclaim health as a human right. corruption, in its many forms, such as bribery and embezzlement, causes several detrimental effects on the health sector and access to medicines including economic, health, and government image and...

No real-world reward function is perfect. Sensory errors and software bugs may result in agents getting higher (or lower) rewards than they should. For example, a reinforcement learning agent may prefer states where a sensory error gives it the maximum reward, but where the true reward is actually small. We formalise this problem as a generalised Markov Decision Problem called Corrupt Reward MD...

The health sector consistently appears prominently in surveys of perceived corruption, with considerable evidence that this has serious adverse consequences for patients. Yet this issue is far from prominent in the international health policy discourse. We identify five reasons why the health policy community has been reluctant to talk about it. These are the problem of defining corruption, the...

Motivation Anti-corruption campaigns often include an awareness-raising component that stress the consequences of corruption. Indeed, governments and international donors have spent millions on promoting evils Experience suggests, however, messages highlight prevalence corruption may backfire by adding to belief is normal. Purpose The article examines impacts anti-corruption citizens' willingne...

There has been a lot of research on the use of open data in the fight against corruption. Although there are some promising examples, it appears that a systematic approach is lacking. What are the design principles for an architecture to open up data and thereby reduce corruption? In this paper we use theory about fraud, and about public accountability to derive design principles for an open da...

Abstract Corruption is widespread and preventive strategies to reduce corruption need be adapted within the local context. Considering United Nations (UN) Convention against as our starting point, paper presents a literature review based on 118 articles prevention initiatives in public sector. The analysis indicates substantial alignment between guidelines deriving from UN Convention, except fo...