background: pediatric lower urinary tract scoring system (plutss) is a questionnaire contains items for assessment of wetting episodes, voiding frequency and pattern. it is used for screening and evaluation of the response of children with lower urinary tract symptoms to therapy. we studied the validity and reliability of persian translated version of this questionnaire among iranian children. ...

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are the most common cause of disability in developed and developing countries. Costs of hospitalization and treatment of congenital anomalies pose a significant burden to families and societies. The objective of the present study was to determine the associated risk factors and prevalence of congenital malformations in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This cross-secti...

conclusions though antibiotics are rarely indicated, they are often still used to treat rtis. the resulting increase in bacterial resistance, the lack of treatment efficacy, and drug-related side effects all underscore the need for alternative strategies to manage recurrent rtis. this article uses a typical pediatric case study to review central issues in the diagnosis and management of recurre...

This paper presents an initial architecture for articulatory synthesis which combines a dynamical system for the control of vocal tract shaping with a novel MATLAB implementation of an articulatory synthesizer. The dynamical system controls a speaker-specific vocal tract model derived by factor analysis of mid-sagittal real-time MRI data and provides input to the articulatory synthesizer, which...

Duplex collecting system of the kidney is a common congenital anomaly urinary tract. It usually asymptomatic clinically with normal renal function. In rare instances, it may complicate giant hydronephrosis. The following case middle aged woman history recurrent tract infections (UTI) and flank pain diagnosed bilateral partial duplex complicated unusual non-functioning lower moiety left hydronep...

Abstract The deposition and evolution of fine-grained sediments is a hot topic in sedimentary rock studies important for accurately evaluating shale gas sweet spots. In this paper, the characteristics Wufeng-Longmaxi shales, major targets Chinese exploration, were studied by using core observations, thin section analyses, scanning electron microscopy, geochemical analysis, fossil identification...

Female and male reproductive tracts are of interest sites to study of immune system because they encounter specific infections such as those are sexually transmitted. Furthermore, female reproductive tract is in close contact with allogenic sperms and transmitted microorganisms during intercourse and semi allogenic fetus during pregnancy. In mammals, there are two types of immune responses, the...

gastrointestinal aspergillosis most often occurs in the setting of disseminated infection from a primary pulmonary site and primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis is an unusual presentation. we report a 7 year old female child with aplastic anemia, who was under treatment but experienced periods of neutropenia. she had no evidence of respiratory aspergillosis before the onset of abdominal sympt...