any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

In this paper, first, the concept of the fuzzy semi maximal filters in BL-algebras has been introduced, then several properties of  fuzzy semi maximal filters have been studied and  its relationship with other fuzzy filters including fuzzy  (positive)implicative  fuzzy filters and fuzzy fantastic  filters are investigated. In the following, using the level subsets  of fuzzy sets in a BL-algebra...

abstract ion selective electrodes (ises) are electrochemical sensors that respond selectivity to the activity of ionic species. an ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical device that uses a thin selective membrane or film as the recognition element, and is an electrochemical half-cell equivalent to other half-cells of the zeroth (inert metal in a redox electrolyte). in common methods o...

In this paper we have analyzed the photometric data of LS DEL eclipsing binary system, which was W UMa one, in UBV filters. To solve light curves we use Wilson program 2003. We have found the darkening coefficients of the side by using Klinglesmith and Sobieski (1970) Algorithm in Van Hamme program. The results show that the system was a contacted one, and both primary and secondary components ...

HEPA filters serve as important safety device to protect personnel as well as the public and environment from the radiation effects exist in the air, so they are vital devices in the event accidents. DOE provides directions through the use of two technical standards, 3020 and 3025, including QA requirements for the procurement, packaging, shipping and storage of HEPA filters and also provides d...