ion levels are closely related to the life-cycle model. Earlier stages of the life cycle model involve expressing higher level abstractions of the system. An example is requirement specification, which express what the system is going to manage at a high abstraction level. In a software system there are often different degrees of abstraction. In a life-cycle model the process goes from a high l...

  Food packaging is used to maintain the safety and quality of food during distribution and storage and to protect them from adverse internal and external conditions, such as water vapor, spoilage due to microorganisms, moisture, light, and dust. In this regard, lots of research studies have been done to increase shelf life, safety, and quality to create suitable physico...

This life cycle design (LCD) project was a collaborative effort between the National Pollution Prevention Center at the University of Michigan, General Motors (GM), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The primary objective of this project was to apply life cycle design tools to guide the improvement of fuel tank systems. Two alternative fuel tank systems used in a 1996 GM vehicl...