BACKGROUND Neurologically, it is proven that stimulation of larger diameter fibers - e.g. using appropriate coldness, warmth, rubbing, pressure or vibration- can close the neural "gate" so that the central perception of itch and pain is reduced. This fact is based upon "Gate-control" theory of Melzack and Wall. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS Syringe Micro Vibrator is a new design being introd...

BACKGROUND When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently. METHODS We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing problem among people who inject drugs. Strategies to reduce disease transmission (eg, syringe exchange programs) and facilitate HCV screening and linkage are available but are under-utilized in many communities affected by injection drug use. Novel approaches to increasing the use of these strategies are needed. OBJECTIVE The goals of ...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant problem in the United States, with people who inject drugs (PWID) disproportionately afflicted. Over the last decade rates of heroin use have more than doubled, with young persons (18-25 years) demonstrating the largest increase. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in New York City from 2005 to 2012 among young people...

Gonadotrophins are injected daily over several days in follicular stimulation protocols. To facilitate self-injection, various injection or reconstitution devices are available. It was investigated whether injection training enabled patients to choose their preferred device. Patients and their partners received nurse-led training about: powdered urofollitropin (Bravelle) with needle-free recons...

Study on Effect of Pressure-Controlled Injection System in Dental Local Anesthesia Pil-young Yun and Young-kyun Kim Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference on pain intensity and discomfort between pressure-controlled injection system and conventional syringe inj...

This study examines whether the relation between acute cannabis use and syringe sharing during single injection days is similar among regular and nonregular users, participating in a cohort study of injection drug users in Montréal, Canada. 236 (36.6%) subjects were classified as regular cannabis users (RCUs), 227 (35.2%) as nonregular cannabis users (NRCUs), and 181 (28.1%) were abstinent. Can...

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for many focal vertebral lesions. Methyl methacrylate is too viscous to be handled without difficulty in the conventional way because injection time is short. The operator is left with little time and must fumble with multiple syringes. We describe a special screw-system syringe that decreases the effort needed to inject the cement. In addit...

BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases in the United States are associated with the practice of sharing of injection equipment and are preventable through the once-only use of syringes, needles and other injection equipment. DISCUSSION Sterile syringes may be obtained legally by 4 methods depending on the state. They may be purchased over the counter, p...