The goal of formalization, proposed in this paper, is to bring together, as near as possible, the theoretic linguistic problem of synonym conception and the computer linguistic methods based generally on empirical intuitive unjustified factors. Using the word vector representation we have proposed the geometric approach to mathematical modeling of synonym set (synset). The word embedding is bas...

Juncus quartinianus (Juncaceae sect. Ozophyllum) was described by Richard in 1851 from Ethiopia. Some authors have treated this species as a synonym of J. fontanesii and others as a synonym of J. oxycarpus. Based on morphological analyses of flowers, fruit and seeds, we propose to restore J. quartinianus as a distinct species from both these taxa. Its detailed re-description and an identificati...

Toxomerus hauseri Mengual sp. n. and Toxomerus picudus Mengual sp. n. are described from Peru and Ecuador respectively. Toxomerus circumcintus (Enderlein, 1938) is treated as a valid species and not considered synonym of Toxomerus marginatus, and Toxomerus ovatus (Hull, 1942) is considered junior synonym of Toxomerus nitidus (Schiner, 1868). An identification key for the Toxomerus species with ...

This paper summarizes FBK-irst participation at the lexical substitution task of the SEMEVAL competition. We submitted two different systems, both exploiting synonym lists extracted from dictionaries. For each word to be substituted, the systems rank the associated synonym list according to a similarity metric based on Latent Semantic Analysis and to the occurrences in the Web 1T 5-gram corpus,...

This study examines near synonyms and tries to extract the contrasts that dictate their semantic and associated syntactic behaviors. A near synonym pair of Chinese verbs, fangbian and bianli, which mean ‘to be convenient’, is under examination. Corpus data reveal some important but opaque distributional differences between this synonym pair that are hard to be recognized solely by intuition. Th...

We propose a method for automatic synonym extraction in a dictionary. Our method is based on an algorithm that computes similarity measures between vertices in graphs. This algorithm can be thought of as a generalization of Kleinberg’s web search algorithm to structure graphs that are more general than the hub-authority graph used by Kleinberg. We use the 1913 Webster’s Dictionary and apply our...

Synonym identification during source terminology integration into the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a labor-intensive task needed for every new release of the source. The piecewise synonym (PWS) methodology was previously used for the integration of a small source. The goal of this paper is to determine whether the piecewise synonym methodology with two control parameters scales to ...

Resolving polysemy and synonymy is required for high-quality information extraction. We present ConceptResolver, a component for the Never-Ending Language Learner (NELL) (Carlson et al., 2010) that handles both phenomena by identifying the latent concepts that noun phrases refer to. ConceptResolver performs both word sense induction and synonym resolution on relations extracted from text using ...