Refuge–mediated apparent competition is the mechanism by which invasive plants increase pressure on native providing refuge for generalist consumers. In UK, Rhododendron ponticum does not provide food seed consumers like rodents, but evergreen canopy provides from rodent predators, and predation pilferage risk are key factors affecting foraging caching behaviour. Here we used a removal/ fate ex...

A timber market occupies a very particular position within the economic reality. Trading of commodities such as precious is, indeed, strongly conditioned by carrying capacity and silvicultural potential forest ecosystem. Timber markets in Poland are characterized controlling State Forests, one possible forms wood sale is system submission. submission usually implies that small quantities with u...

Risky land use decisions have led to large amounts of damages from flooding. Wildfires can potentially alter the risk of flooding by increasing the likeliness of high flow events due to multiple physical processes that increase the volume and intensity of runoff and erosion. In June and July of 2008, the Basin Complex fire burned 240,170 acres of the Arroyo Seco Watershed located in Monterey Co...

Xylella fastidiosa causes bacterial leaf scorch in many landscape trees including elm, oak, sycamore and mulberry, but methods for specific identification of a particular tree host species-limited strain or differentiation of tree-specific strains are lacking. It is also unknown whether a particular landscape tree-infecting X. fastidiosa strain is capable of infecting multiple landscape tree sp...

Sylvo-pastoral systems are species-rich man-made landscapes that are currently often severely threatened by abandonment or management intensification. At low tree densities, single trees in these systems represent habitat islands for epiphytic cryptogams. Here, we focused on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) wooded pastures in the northern European Alps. We assessed per tree species richness...

7-Dehydrobrefeldin A (7-oxo-BFA) is a brefeldin A (BFA) analog that, like BFA, is a potent phytotoxin of Alternaria carthami, a fungal pathogen of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants. Both BFA and 7-oxo-BFA have been shown to be causal agents of the leaf spot disease of these plants. We have investigated the effects of 7-oxo-BFA on the secretion and the structure of the Golgi stacks of s...

In June 2009, we used a novel technique to quantify dispersion patterns among a large group of calling male Epomophorus wahlbergi congregated around five neighboring and synchronously fruiting sycamore fig trees (Ficus sycomorus) in Kruger National Park, South Africa by using the physics of sound attenuation over distance to monitor and map positions of calling males without disturbing their ma...