introduction: recent use of lasers for porcelain surface treatment for adhesion of brackets to restorations has not only showed some promising results, but is also accompanied with less undesirable effects among other advantages. the purpose of this study is the comparative electron microscope evaluation of feldspathic porcelain surfaces under irradiation by neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium ga...

Background: Purpura is a common adverse effect of dermatological procedures and can compromise the patients’appearance especially when they occur on the face. Topical vitamin K oxide has been known to be effective in treatment of purpura from vascular laser and minor surgical procedures. However its effectiveness on purpuric skin with minimal ablation produced by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser has not...

introduction: port wine stains (pws) are congenital vascular malformations. pulsed dye laser (pdl) is the treatment of choice till now, although many lesions do not respond completely. one of possible options is long pulsed alexandrite laser. some literatures confirmed its efficacy. the aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of this laser as an option in treating refractory pws i...

Simulated Annealing (SA) is a powerful stochastic search algorithm applicable to a wide range of problems. This paper presents some experiments of applying SA to an NP-hard problem, i.e., call routing in circuit-switched telecommunications networks. The call routing problem considered here can be described as assigning calls to paths in a network so that the number of calls blocked can be minim...

what does libertarian theory, murray rothbard’s theory in particular, tell us about the rights of children? the two foundational principles of rothbardian libertarianism are the sanctity of private property and the rule of non-aggression. persons, including children, are “self-owners”. yet children, at a young age, are not yet capable of functioning fully as “self-owners.” they must be cared fo...

background: nandrolone decanoate (nd) is an anabolic androgenic steroid (aas) which influences the ovarian structure and function. we assessed the effects of nd on the ovarian volume, number of primordial follicles, and level of hormones and also evaluated the modulatory effects of gonadotropins on the histopathological changes imposed by the administration of nd. methods: six groups of sprague...