Ovarian cancer accounts for only 3% of all cancers in women, but it causes more deaths than any other gynecologic cancer. Treatment with chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery shows a good response to the therapy. However, in a large proportion of the patients the tumor grows back within a few years. Cancer stem cells, that are less responsive to these treatments, are blamed for this recurrence...

The symptoms of extra-oesophageal gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) (such as chronic cough and hoarseness) are traditionally more difficult to treat than typical GORD symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation). Patients with extra-oesophageal manifestations may require longer and higher doses of acid suppressive therapy. In patients not responding to acid suppressive therapy the physician fa...

Levothyroxine suppressive treatment of solitary thyroid nodules is controversial. A 1-yr prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of T4 on nodule volume and bone mineral density, and meta-analyses were performed to examine the quantitative synthesis of data from similar designed controlled trials. Forty-five euthyroid patients (42 females, age range: ...

Pharmacoepidemiological analyses are needed as a background for evaluation of drug use and for making cost-effective priorities. Drug sales and prescription databases provide useful tools for analysis of drug consumption and expenditures. In this essay, an analysis of the sales and prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), drugs used for acid related gastric disorders, are presented. Since ...

INTRODUCTION We report a rare case of an infected revision total knee replacement as a result of a Lactobacillus species infection. Lactobacillus infections have been associated with prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use. This can have implications in revision surgery, especially when patients have been on previous long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy. CASE PRESENTATION An 81-year-old B...

Acid-suppressive therapy for prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding is commonly prescribed for hospitalized patients. Although its use in select, at-risk patients may reduce clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding, the alteration in gastric pH and composition may place these patients at a higher risk of infection. Although any pharmacologic alteration of the gastric pH and composition is...

CD8⁺cytotoxic T cells, CD4⁺ helper and regulatory cells interact differently with cancer. CD8⁺ cytotoxic recognize the antigens presented by cancer kill in various ways. recruit other immune promote them to destroy cells. On hand, suppress cell proliferation response of both This suppressive mechanism often leads progression These cell-cancer interactions can render conventional treatments inef...