The current set of comments is remarkably robust and forthright. We found them refreshing and stimulating and strongly recommend each of them to all the readers of the original paper. The authors were well chosen by the editor to reflect the range and the subtlety of current theorizing in the relationship area, and the disagreements of the commentators with us and with each other highlight the ...

We thank the commentators for their thoughtful remarks. We have arranged our responses to the commentators thematically; within each section we start first with general comments before discussing particular statements by individual commentators. We also thank the Journal of Medical Ethics for publishing our original manuscript, the accompanying commentaries, an editorial from the Journal staff,...

The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. Some verses were in city Mecca and some Medina, summer, winter, sent down while traveling, at night. as well during day. This condition aroused attention scholars commentators conduct further research on Qur'an, especially with regard place where verse revealed, thus giving rise new knowled...

The first sentence of NE I.2 has roughly the form: “If A [there is a universal end] and B (because, if not-B, then C), then D [this end will be the best good]”. According to some commentators, Aristotle uses B to infer A; but then the sentence is fallacious. According to other commentators, Aristotle does not use B (until later on); but then the sentence is bizarre. Contrary to both sets of com...

The monoid $Cb$ of name substitutions and the notion of finitely supported $Cb$-sets introduced by Pitts as a generalization of nominal sets. A simple finitely supported $Cb$-set is a one point extension of a cyclic nominal set. The support map of a simple finitely supported $Cb$-set is an injective map. Also, for every two distinct elements of a simple finitely supported $Cb$-set, there exists...