the performance of a supply chain can be evaluated in either a cross-sectional or a time series manner, and data envelopment analysis is a useful method for both types of evaluation. in this paper we develop an index and indicator of productivity change that can be used with radial and non-radial models for supply chain malmquist index. the supply chain malmquist productivity index (scmpi) can ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a method used for measuring the efficiency of decision-making units‎. unlike the standard models‎, ‎which assume decision-making units to be a black box‎, ‎network data envelopment analysis focuses on the internal structure of these units‎. ‎some researchers have developed a two-stage method where all the inputs are entirely used in the first stage‎, ‎producin...

nowadays, with technology progress and the emergence of new business models, increased levels of competition and changing demands and expectations of customers, using multi channels of distribution is growing rapidly. the coordination and integration of these channels with high efficiency and the elimination of these challenges requires more discussion. the purpose of this study is to investiga...

The development and management of an effective and efficient supply chain involve the selection of the suppliers. Only economic criteria, including cost and delivery, once used to be considered in the process of supplier selection. But, they do not suffice for the evaluation of suppliers anymore due to the rapidly changing environment, and different perspectives are needed to be considered. The...

A supply chain is a set of suppliers, manufactures and distributors, which are linked together. The first chain is a supplier and the last one is customers. What is the most important in supply chain are highquality products by the least cost and the most benefit. In this regard, each input and output and intermediate have unit price and unit cost information. The cost-minimization and the prof...

Supplier selection and allocation of optimal order quantity are two of the most important processes in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) and reverse logistic (RL). So that providing high quality raw material is considered as a basic requirement for a manufacturer to produce popular products, as well as achieve more market shares. On the other hand, considering the existence of competitive environ...

Cloud computing applies virtualization technology to integrate the existing software and hardware resources, uses the international network to offer all kinds of services for avoiding the energy consumption caused by the idle energy and reaching to the maximum resource utilization efficiency. Therefore, reducing energy consumption and operation cost without influencing the system efficiency is ...

Just-In-Time (JIT) is a lean manufacturing tool, which provides the benefits of efficiency, and of minimizing unnecessary costs for many organisations. However, the risks arising from these benefits have been disregarded. These risks impact on system processes disrupting the whole supply chain. This paper proposes an inventory model that can simultaneously reduce costs and risks in JIT systems....