Chemical process synthesis methods and tools developed over the last several decades have reached a level of maturity that have provided advantage to practitioners in an environment of increased costs and shrinking margins. Future growth within the chemical process industries is likely to involve even keener competition with greater impact from factors such as raw material and energy availabili...

Increased patient demands for highly esthetic implant superstructure in the anterior zone has increased inthe last decades. Moreover, absence of periodontal ligament supported prosthesis causes forces tobe transferred without cushioning effect to alveolar bone, resulting marginal bone loss (MBL) andinfluence heath peri-implant tissue. Evaluate available evidence on andit consequences satisfacti...

The paper reports on the results of an exploratory study into the topical organisation and stylistic features of argumentation in a corpus of ophthalmic clinical research papers. The study responds to the need for systematised and generalisable argumentation models in knowledgeintensive fields. We present here a schematised superstructure of the arguments from the corpus, charting the configura...

Divalent ions of the first series transition elements and Hg were introduced into a cadmium hydroxyapatite Cd5 (P04) 30H by replacing a part of Cd2+, and the effects on the crystal growths and the structural changes were studied. Cd2+ can be exchanged with Mn2+ up to about 30 mol %, with N¡Z+or Hg2+ up to about 10 mol %, and with a little amount of Fe2+ or Cu2+. It was found that Cd5 (PO.)sOH f...

This paper introduces a novel MILP approach for the design of distillation columns sequences of zeotropic mixtures explicitly including from conventional to fully thermally coupled sequences and divided wall columns with a single wall. The model is based on the use of two superstructure levels. In the upper level a superstructure that includes all the basic sequences of separation tasks and all...

The inclusion compound of urea with hexadecane has a superstructure of an ideal hexagonal structure found in other members of the series of urea-n-paraffin adducts consisting essentially of honeycomb-like channels formed by the host into which the long chain molecules are embedded. In order to elucidate the nature of the superstructure, which manifests itself by addiditonal weaker reflexions ( ...

The asset management and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) principals perform a vital role in the reduction and optimization of the costs of an infrastructure manager, providing a better decision support technically and financially. It was intended to create an asset management LCC model to rail track superstructure of the Portuguese rail network assembled with the Iberian gauge. This model is able to r...

Construction of a rose-like hierarchical superstructure composed of rare-earth hydroxide nanosheets and polyoxomolybdates, which was achieved by the self-assembly at room temperature, led to a drastically enhanced photoluminescence.

With additional quality modeling features added to conceptual models, computers could play a greater role in ensuring a higher level of quality in the information we model. For information-discovery applications, these additional conceptual modeling features should automatically accommodate certainty and conflicting information, support evidence-based research, automate collaboration, and provi...

For the last few years, molten salt nanomaterials have attracted many scientists for their enhanced specific heat by doping a minute concentration of nanoparticles (up to 1% by weight). Likewise, enhancing the specific heat of liquid media is important in many aspects of engineering such as engine oil, coolant, and lubricant. However, such enhancement in specific heat was only observed for molt...