We derive the formulae for the time variation of the gravitational " constant " G and of the fine structure " constant " α in various models with extra dimensions and analyze their consistency with the available observational data for distant supernovae. We find that the reported variation of α translates into a small variation of G that makes distant supernovae to appear brighter, in contradic...

This manuscript reviews recent progress in our understanding of the nucleosynthesis of medium and heavy elements in supernovae. Recent hydrodynamical models of core-collapse supernovae show that a large amount of proton rich matter is ejected under strong neutrino fluxes. This matter constitutes the site of the ν p-process where antineutrino absorption reactions catalyze the nucleosynthesis of ...

We present NLTE synthetic spectra for the Type Ia supernovae SN 1992A and SN 1981B, near maximum light. At this epoch both supernovae were observed from the UV through the optical. This wide spectral coverage is essential for determining the density structure of a SN Ia. Our ts are in good agreement with observation and provide some insight as to the diierences between these supernovae. We also...

I use the largest available sample of Type II plateau supernovae to examine the previously reported luminosity-velocity relation. This study confirms such relation which permits one to standardize the luminosities of these objects from a spectroscopic measurement of their envelope velocities, and use them as extragalactic distance indicators. The “standard candle method” (SCM) yields a Hubble d...

The " standard candle method " for Type II plateau supernovae produces a Hubble diagram with a dispersion of 0.3 mag, which implies that this technique can produce distances with a precision of 15%. Using four nearby supernovae with Cepheid distances I find H 0 (V)=75±7, and H 0 (I)=65±12.

BV (RI)KC light curves are presented for 27 Type Ia supernovae discovered during the course of the Calán/Tololo Survey and for two other SNe Ia observed during the same period. Estimates of the maximum light magnitudes in the B, V , and I bands and the initial decline rate parameter ∆m15(B) are also given. Subject headings: photometry — supernovae

Most distant and ancient supernovae discovered by the Subaru Telescope. In the image, which show the Subaru Deep Field, numerous supernovae related to white dwarfs were found, and ten of them had exploded more than ten billion years ago. This discovery gives an important clue to study how the heavy elements created in the ancient universe (Graur et al.