To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of inferior oblique muscle recession (IO Rec) for the treatment of superior oblique palsy (SOP). We retrospectively studied 18 consecutive patients who had undergone IO Rec for the treatment of SOP. A follow-up of at least five years after the operation was required to be included in the study. In results the preoperative vertical deviation was 10.6 ±...

To evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle (ATIO) in the treatment of vertical deviations resulting from superior oblique palsy (SOP). We retrospectively studied seven consecutive patients who had undergone ATIO for the treatment of SOP. A follow-up of at least five years after the operation was required to be included in the study. In r...

Eighteen consecutive cases of bilateral superior oblique palsy have been studied retrospectively. The patients were typically adults with a history of severe head trauma. All patients complained of diplopia, either vertical, torsional, or both. Other neurological sequelae were common. Central disruption of fusion was seen in three patients. Eight patients underwent surgery for torsional or vert...

Traditional superior oblique weakening procedures may be unpredictable and lead to superior oblique underaction. The use of 240 retinal band as a spacer to lengthen the superior oblique tendon has been proposed as a more controlled approach than superior oblique tenotomy and related procedures. The use of this technique is reported in a patient with diplopia following an orbital floor blow out ...

Background: Congenital absence of the superior oblique (SO) is a rare cause of strabismus. It should be suspected in a patient with a presumed diagnosis of SO palsy presenting with amblyopia, an unusually large vertical deviation, and a significant horizontal deviation. Case Report: We report a case of an infant presenting at five months of age with a significant right head tilt since birth and...

BACKGROUND The association of oblique palpebral fissures and A- or V-pattern has not been clarified. We report two cases of A-pattern esotropia with marked mongoloid slanting palpebral fissures associated with vertical displacement of the horizontal rectus muscle. CASES Case 1 was a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome. He showed A-pattern esotropia with upward slanting palpebral fissures. Severe s...

PURPOSE To assess the mechanical ability of the inferior oblique neurofibrovascular bundle (NFVB) to act as an ancillary origin for the inferior oblique muscle after anterior transposition. METHODS Stress-strain relations and Young's modulus of elasticity, a measure of tissue stiffness, were determined for the NFVB in vitro, in situ, and in vivo in dynamic and static conditions. For compariso...

Patients with long-standing unilateral strabismus, such as "sensory" exotropia in the absence of fusion, or esotropia with unilateral amblyopia, typically show bilateral deviations under anesthesia, often symmetric. Forced ductions usually show symmetric muscle tightness. Changes in extraocular muscle lengths thus appear to occur primarily bilaterally, whether fusion is present or not. With ske...

SUMMARY Our aim was to analyze the differences in the referred pain patterns and size of the areas of those myofascial trigger points (TrPs) involved in chronic tension type headache (CTTH) including a number of muscles not investigated in previous studies. Thirteen right handed women with CTTH (mean age: 38 ± 6 years) were included. TrPs were bilaterally searched in upper trapezius, sternoclei...