In Southeast Asia the native honey bee species Apis cerana is often attacked by hornets (Vespa velutina), mainly in the period from April to November. During the co-evolution of these two species honey bees have developed several strategies to defend themselves such as learning the odors of hornets and releasing alarm components to inform other mates. However, so far little is known about wheth...

Abstract Hard candy was made from the mixture of sucrose, glucose, and water. However, excessive intake sucrose can cause serious dental problems such as caries. Sucrose in hard formula is replaceable, using xylitol with calory content 40% lower than while it also supresses bacterial growth Streptococcus mutans causing functionality improved by addition Javanese long pepper extracts containing ...

Introduction Quantitative analysis shows that sucrose is the major organic constituent of phloem exudates in mlost plants (6, 8). When leaves are allowed to photosynthesize in C140, for short periodls nmost of the translocatedl radioactiv,ity is generally found in sucrose (6, 8). With respect to the nature of the transit compound in these plants there are 3 possible hypotheses whiclh are consis...

Corynebacterium glutamicum grows on a variety of carbohydrates and organic acids. Uptake of the preferred carbon source glucose via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) is reduced during coutilization of glucose with acetate, sucrose, or fructose compared to growth on glucose as the sole carbon source. Here we show that the DeoR-type regulator SugR (NCgl1856) repres...

Time-dependent increases in cue-induced reward seeking after forced abstinence were described in rats with a history of cocaine or sucrose self-administration, suggesting reward craving incubates over time. In the present study, we examined the effects of reduced training experience, or sucrose pre-loading just prior to testing, on the incubation of sucrose craving. Sucrose seeking (responding ...

Kligler and Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) media have been considered to be interchangeable for the purpose of detecting hydrogen sulfide production in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Contrary evidence is presented in this report. From various sources, 11 cultures were isolated which yielded a positive hydrogen sulfide reaction on Kligler medium and a negative reaction on TSI. Biochemically, these cult...