— In this study of households living in informal settlements in three principal Chinese cities, we analyze the associations between informality, property rights, and poverty. We propose that informality can be understood in terms of property rights (presence/absence, strength, completeness, and ambiguity). Drawing on the property rights (entitlements) theories of Sen, de Soto, Ostrom, Alchian, ...

Concerning the solution theory for set games, the paper focuses on a family of solutions, each of which allocates to any player some type of marginalistic contribution with respect to any coalition containing the player. Here the marginalistic contribution may be interpreted as an individual one, or a coalitionally one. For any value of the relevant family, an axiomatization is given by three p...

Concerning the solution theory for set games, the paper introduces a new solution by allocating, to any player, the items (taken from an universe) that are attainable for the player, but can not be blocked (by any coalition not containing the player). The resulting value turns out to be an utmost important concept for set games to characterize the family of set game solutions that possess a so-...

The property of an amino acid is different according to the variation of protein secondary structure. Each central amino acid corresponds to several conditional probability distributions of amino acid on the specific positions surrounding it. Based on this property, we get amino acid distance matrices for helix, sheet, coil and turn conformation. It is observed that, for different protein secon...

This paper presents a new property between processes arising from a set of relations called weak conformations. The largest, called weak conformance, is analogous to Milner’s observational equivalence. Unlike observational equivalence, however, weak conformance is not an equivalence but rather a preorder between processes. Like the previous property of logic conformance, weak conformance allows...

Let L be a bounded distributive lattice. For k 1, let Sk (L) be the lattice of k-ary functions on L with the congruence substitution property (Boolean functions); let S(L) be the lattice of all Boolean functions. The lattices that can arise as Sk (L) or S(L) for some bounded distributive lattice L are characterized in terms of their Priestley spaces of prime ideals. For bounded distributive lat...

Unlike the (classical) Kolakoski sequence on the alphabet {1, 2}, its analogue on {1, 3} can be related to a primitive substitution rule. Using this connection, we prove that the corresponding bi-infinite fixed point is a regular generic model set and thus has a pure point diffraction spectrum. The Kolakoski-(3, 1) sequence is then obtained as a deformation, without losing the pure point diffra...

This article investigates economic performance when enforceable property rights are missing and basic needs matter for consumption. It suggests a new view of the so-called voracity effect according to which windfall gains in productivity induce behavior that leads to lower economic growth. Taking into account that the rate of intertemporal substitution in consumption depends on the level of con...

A bipartition of HIV-1 RNA genome sequences into single- and double-stranded nucleotides is possible based on the secondary structure model of a complete 9 kb genome. Subsequent analysis revealed that the well-known lentiviral property of A-accumulation is profoundly present in single-stranded domains, yet absent in double-stranded domains. Mutational rate analysis by means of an unrestricted m...

Abstract A sequent calculus with the subformula property has long been recognised as a highly favourable starting point for proof theoretic investigation of logic. However, most logics interest cannot be presented using property. In response, many formalisms more intricate than have formulated. this work we identify an alternative: retain but generalise to permit specific axiom substitutions an...