involution of the pituitary tumor, the chiasm itself may herniate into an enlarged and relatively empty sella. In some cases, this may result in traction and kinking of axons with renewed loss of function. Likewise, although the intracranial pressure diminishes following cerebrospinal fluid leaks, deterioration of visual function can also be expected when the brain, no longer buoyed by fluid, s...

Light-microscopic immunocytochemistry was utilized to localize the different populations of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) neurons in the hamster retina. Based on observation of 2505 SP-IR neurons in transverse sections, 34% were amacrine cells whose pear-shaped or round cell bodies (7-8 microm) were situated in the inner half of the inner nuclear layer (INL) or in the inner plexiform layer...

1 Extraction, Biological Testing and Structural Elucidation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Masanori Otsuka and the Action of Substance P in the Spinal Cord . . . . . . 8 3 Radioimmunoassay and Immunohistochemistry of Substance P . . . . . . . . 8 4 Nicolas Jancs and Capsaicin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5 Peptide and Nonpeptide Transmitters in Primary Afferent Neuron...

Background: Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that functions as a neuromodulator. It is released mainly in the brain stem and in nerve endings. Aims: The present study aimed to provide fundamental data that may be applied to the assessment of pain in dogs by evaluating their serum SP concentrations. Methods: Two groups of dogs were designated ...

Recent evidence has suggested that neuropeptides, and in particular substance P (SP), may play a critical role in the development of morphological injury and functional deficits following acute insults to the brain. Few studies, however, have examined the role of SP, and more generally, neurogenic inflammation, in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and stroke. Those studies that have...

The characterization and subsequent availability of synthetic substance P has renewed interest in the role of this undecapeptide in central-nervous-system function (Mroz & Leeman, 1974). Biochemical and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that substance P may function as an excitatory transmitter in primary sensory neurons terminating in the spinal cord (Otsuka & Konishi, 1975). In t...

Substance P is a tachykinin that enhances pathways of inflammation. Leukocytes at sites of intestinal inflammation make substance P. This study explored the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23, and the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) in controlling leukocyte substance P production. In murine schistosomiasis, it was found that IL-12 and IL-23 drive substance P g...

Substance P is a tachykinin that enhances pathways of inflammation. Leukocytes at sites of intestinal inflammation make substance P. This study explored the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23, and the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in controlling leukocyte substance P production. In murine schistosomiasis, it was found that IL-12 and IL-23 drive sub...