In mammals, the sinus node and atrioventricular are defined as heart's specific stimulus conduction systems. The electrical stimulation that starts in continues with node, rhythmic occurs this way. There differences nodes' location, size, cell structures between species. study, which was carried out to determine morphological locations of nodes Saanen goat hearts, nine hearts from healthy goats...

Blood flow in the coronary circulation is normally well regulated and able to meet even strenuous demand. The presence of an epicardial stenosis poses multiple challenges for safeguarding coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion, which is further exacerbated by the concurrent presence of microvascular disease. The ability to adjust flow adequately during physiological stress is compromised ...

A 64-year-old female with history of previous aortoiliac occlusion and aortoiliac bypass operation four months ago presented with dyspnea, ascites and leg edema. She has been suffering from bloody diarrhea since two weeks earlier. Laboratory data showed important eosinophilia and stool examination was positive for Strongyloides stercoralis. Patient had clinical signs of heart failure. A cardiac...

An 18-year-old man with known hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy since age 9 was referred for evaluation. His mother had died suddenly at age 24, and her autopsy demonstrated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The patient was asymptomatic. His only medication was propranolol. Two-dimensional echocardiographic images demonstrated normal left ventricular size with hyperdynamic function...

Blood flow in the coronary circulation is normally well regulated and able to meet even strenuous demand. The presence of an epicardial stenosis poses multiple challenges for safeguarding coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion, which is further exacerbated by the concurrent presence of microvascular disease. The ability to adjust flow adequately during physiological stress is compromised ...

Aim To define the heterogeneous changes of ion channels in the noninfarcted myocardium after myocardial infarction in rabbit and effects of imidapril. Mehods Rabbits with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and allowed to recover for 8 wk. Myocytes were isolated from subendocardial, midmyocardial and subepicardial regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular free wall. Ion currents were...

Important differences in electrophysiological properties have been noted between different regions of the heart. Electrophysiological heterogeneity has also been detected within different parts of a given tissue, such as the ventricular subendocardium, midmyocardium and subepicardium. Although many molecular candidates for native ionic currents have been identified, the molecular basis of most ...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess transmural differences in myocardial perfusion. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at rest and during hyperemia in a dog model and in 22 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. From MR signal intensity-versus-time curves, three perfusion parameters were derived: maximum myocardi...

M yocardial perfusion occurs primarily in diastole since systolic contraction transiently impedes coronary blood flow especially to the subendocardium. Thus, myocardial bridges replicate the normal microvascular physiology of high diastolic and low systolic flow, albeit at the level of the epicardial coronary artery. Because marked myocardial bridges are not common during invasive angiography, ...

A guinea pig (9-week-old) that had been placed in a control group for a pharmacological test was found to have a single nodule on the surface of the right ventricular wall. In a transverse section of the heart after fixation, a whitish mass was found that extended from the subendocardium to the subepicardium of the right ventricular wall. Histopathological examination revealed a spongy network ...