A patient with traumatic brain injury showed incomplete oculomotor nerve palsy in the subarachnoid space. A 12-year-old girl was hospitalized after a head injury. Neuro-ophthalmic examination showed that the left eye had a ptosis and pupillary involvement. An MRI indicated an intracranial hematoma at the basilar portion of the left temple. The ptosis and pupillary involvement improved after eli...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or shunt overdrainage is a well-known cause of orthostatic headaches and low CSF pressures. We report two cases of orthostatic headache with pneumocephalus on brain imaging. The orthostatic headache developed after drainage of spinal operation site and epidural block. Brain MRI revealed characteristic findings of CSF hypovolemia including pachymeningeal enhancemen...

Streptokinase (SK) and streptodornase (SD) solutions have been injected into the subarachnoid space of patients with meningitis, in order to promote the resolution of the inflammatory exudate (1-6). Because side reactions have been reported in certain cases (2, 3), it seemed desirable to ascertain the effect of injecting the enzymes into the uninfected subarachnoid space. Such a study was carri...

We report herein an unusual case of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma involving the brain, which caused a patient's death 27 months after enucleation. An eight-year-old boy complained of blurred vision in his right eye (OD) in October 2006. Funduscopic examination showed optic disc swelling, dense whitish vitreous opacity, and an orange-colored subretinal elevated lesion adjacent to the optic...

Uptake of local anesthetics injected into the subarachnoid space determines which neuronal functions are affected during spinal anesthesia. Elimination of local anesthetics from the subarachnoid space determines the duration of these effects. Distribution of local anesthetics within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) determines the extent of altered neuronal function. Uptake and elimination have been re...

Various surgical procedures for the treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia have been introduced recently, but most surgical strategies have been unreliable. We introduce the concept and technique of a new shunting procedure, syringo-subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt. A 54-year-old patient presented to our hospital with a progressive impairment of motion and position sense on the right side. Sixt...

Hydrocephalus is a condition where an abnormal build-up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluid causes an increase in pressure in the ventricles or subarachnoid space of the brain. It can be caused by either the blockage of CSF flow (i.e. obstructive/non-communicating hydrocephalus) in the ventricular system or by inadequate re-absorption of CSF fluid (i.e. non-obstructive/communicating hydrocephalu...

A technique for percutaneous catheter drainage of cystic masses in the subarachnoid space was developed and shown to be safe and effective in an 18-year-old boy with life-threatening, recurrent neuroenteric cysts that compressed the brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Percutaneous drainage through a C1-C2 approach was performed on 11 separate occasions. Decompression was always accomplishe...

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are perivascular spaces surrounding the perforating cerebral arteries or arterioles.1,2 They distribute throughout the subarachnoid space to the brain parenchyma. Solutes from the brain parenchyma and lymphatics are drained into VRS, but VRS themselves do not have direct communication with the subarachnoid space.3 Dilated VRS (dVRS) are easily detectable by magnetic r...