In the following article we present a view that social cognition and social neuroscience, as shaped by the current research paradigms, are not sufficient to improve our understanding of psychopathological phenomena. We hold that the self, self-awareness, and inter-subjectivity are integral to social perception and actions. In addition, we emphasize that the self and self-awareness are, by their...

n engl j med 364;2 nejm.org january 13, 2011 97 smallpox was hindered by a burgeoning antivaccination movement. The result was ongoing smallpox outbreaks and needless deaths. In 1910, Sir William Osler publicly expressed his frustration with the irrationality of the antivaccinationists by offering to take 10 vaccinated and 10 unvaccinated people with him into the next severe smallpox epidemic, ...

One of the most remarkable characteristics of living organisms is their ability to alter their behavior by learning. Human beings excel at processing new information, retaining it in their memory, and using it to develop new ideas. Studies in the mollusk Aplysia showed that learning involves the strengthening and increased effectiveness of preexisting synapses. Over time, it has become clear th...

John Watson was fascinated by the discoveries of psychoanalysis, but he rejected Freud's central concept of the unconscious as incompatible with behaviorism. After failing to explain psychoanalysis in terms of William James's concept of habit, Watson borrowed concepts from classical conditioning to explain Freud's discoveries. Watson's famous experiment with Little Albert is interpreted not onl...

www.thelancet.com Vol 375 January 9, 2010 107 Smokers watching teams slug it out on the fi eld in pursuit of 2010 FIFA World Cup glory will have to think twice before lighting up. The South African Government has slapped an outright ban on smoking in all the stadiums where games are to be played. South African director of Health Promotion Vimla Moodley says that stadiums will be 100% smoke free...

We live on an ever more-populous planet, pulsating with human-generated noises of every description. The most ubiquitous noisemaking structures we produce are trafficladen roads (Fig. 1), which already criss-cross much of the Earth and are projected to increase in length by some 25 million km by midcentury: enough to encircle the planet more than 600 times (1). For wildlife, the challenges of l...