Consider an i.i.d. sequence of random variables whose distribution f lies in one of a nested family of models (Mq)q∈N, Mq ⊂ Mq+1. The smallest index q such that Mq⋆ contains f is called the model order. We establish strong consistency of the penalized likelihood order estimator in a general setting with penalties of order η(q) log log n, where η(q) is a dimensional quantity. Moreover, such pena...

This paper gives an overview of cryptographically strong mass application invisibility in digital communication. It summarizes principles and methodology, clariies terminology, and deenes some new concepts. A new algorithm for hiding bit selection in digital images is proposed and an experimental implementation of the algorithm is described. Finally, the paper closes with a discussion of the im...

In many Internet scale replicated system, not all replicas can be dealt with in the same way, since some will be in greater demand than others. In the case of weak consistency algorithms, we have observed that updating first replicas having most demand, a greater number of clients would gain access to updated content in a shorter period of time. In this work we have investigated the benefits th...

SGS is a compact sentence generation system. Inputs are the frames and specifications of a sentence. Programs attached to context free rules carry out the generation task. Output is a surface sentence with an associated derivation tree. suitable laws for a computer from lingistic phenomena. Therefore, this paper first describes the overall organization of SGS, secondly explains the linguistic s...

In west coast groundfish stock assessments, biological productivity is largely defined by a single parameter, i.e., steepness (h) of the Beverton-Holt spawner-recruit curve, which ranges from 0.20 (no compensation) to 1.00 (complete compensation). A steepness of 0.20 implies no latent surplus production and a total lack of resilience to the effects of exploitation, whereas a value of 1.0 implie...

Implementation theory tackles the following problem: given a social choice correspondence, find a decentralized mechanism such that for every constellation of the individuals’ preferences, the set of outcomes in equilibrium is exactly the set of socially optimal alternatives (as specified by the correspondence). In this paper we are concerned with implementation by mediated equilibrium; under s...

In studying individual consumption behavior, an important issue is the analysis of the relation between commodity expenditure and income (or total expenditure). In this paper we firstly review the more recent theoretical and empirical literature attempting to: (i) derive theory-consistent demand systems models which are able to account for empirically observed non-linearities in total expenditu...

‎in this paper, we study some kinds of majorizations on $textbf{m}_{n}$ and their linear or strong linear preservers. also, we find the structure of linear or strong linear preservers which are multiplicative, i.e.  linear or strong linear preservers like $phi $ with the property $phi (ab)=phi (a)phi (b)$ for every $a,bin textbf{m}_{n}$.