In 1926, Ernst Mally proposed the first system of deontic logic. His system turned out to be unacceptable. How can it be repaired? We discuss several proposals to reformulate it in terms of strict implication, relevant implication and strict relevant implication.

The untilmodality of temporal logic “A until B” is called strict in its first argument when it does not constrain the value of the first argument A at the instant at which the formula is evaluated. In this paper, we show that linear metric temporal logics with bounded until modalities that are non-strict in the first argument are as expressive as those with strict modalities, when interpreted o...

1 Introduction 2 Defining conditionals 2.1 What is a conditional? 2.2 The marking of conditionals 3 Structural issues 3.1 The position of merger of the if-clause 3.1.1 If-clauses as adverbial clauses 3.1.2 Height of attachment 3.1.3 A source for sentence-initial if-clauses 3.2 Clause-internal syntax of the if-clause 3.2.1 The location of if 3.2.2 The conditional–interrogative link 3.2.3 The abs...

Theoretical codes (TC’s) are the abstract models that emerge during the sorting of mature memos in to a potential substantive theory. They conceptualize the integration of substantive codes into hypotheses of a substantive theory. The researcher is challenged to staying open to their emergence and earned relevance rather than their preconceived forcing, which is very strong. They not only bring...

We examine the notion of conditionals and the role of conditionals in inductive logics and arguments. We identify three mistakes commonly made in the study of, or motivation for, non-classical logics. A nonmonotonic consequence relation based on evidential probability is formulated. With respect to this acceptance relation some rules of inference of System P are unsound, and we propose refineme...

Aim. We have introduced the notion of order to multinormed spaces and countable union spaces and their duals. The topology of bounded convergence is assigned to the dual spaces. The aim of this paper is to develop the theory of ordered topological linear spaces La,b, L′(w, z), the dual spaces of ordered multinormed spaces La,b, ordered countable union spaces L(w, z), with the topology of bounde...

modeling and simulation of processing plants are widely used in industry. construction of a mathematical model for a plant is a time-consuming and error-prone task. in light of extensive advancements in computer science (both hardware and software), computers are becoming a necessary instrument in industrial activities. many software tools for modeling, simulation and optimization of processing...

An evenly convex credal set is a set of probability measures that is evenly convex; that is, a set that is an intersection of open halfspaces. An evenly convex credal set can for instance encode preference judgments through strict and non-strict inequalities such as P (A) > 1/2 and P (A) ≤ 2/3. This paper presents an axiomatization of evenly convex sets from preferences, where we introduce a ne...

Students of the literature on entailment [7], [1] are familiar with the von Wright-Geach definition of entailment [6], [2]: p entails q if, and only if, by means of logic, it is possible to come to know the truth of •"/> D cp without coming to know the falsehood of p or the truth of q. A competitor of the Lewis account of entailment as strict implication, the von Wright-Geach definition has enj...