By introducing a high fraction of interstitial carbon through low temperature carburization, the pitting corrosion resistance austenitic stainless steel can be significantly improved. Previous work attributed this to strengthening passive film by carbon. Here, however, we present paradigm shift showing that actually weakens but strengthens bonding within alloy forming localized (covalent) bonds...

results the means ± standard deviations of the averaged emg during the lateral and frontal wp exercises were 40.1 ± 19.1, and 23.7 ± 11.3 µv, respectively. those of the percent maximal voluntary contraction during the lateral and frontal wp exercises were 51.4 ± 29.7, and 31.3 ± 20.5, respectively. gmax activity during the lateral wp exercise was significantly higher than that during the fronta...

A detailed quantitative model for the strengthening of monolithic alloys and composites due to precipitation strengthening, solution strengthening, grain and subgrain strengthening, strengthening by dislocations and load transfer to ceramic inclusions is presented. The model includes a newly derived description of the effect of a precipitate free zone (PFZ) around the reinforcing phase incorpor...

We prove the correctness of incremental lambda-lifting, an optimization that attempts to reduce the closure allocation overhead of higher-order programs by changing the scope of nested procedures. This optimization is invalid in the standard denotational semantics of Scheme, because it changes the storage behavior of the program. Our method consists of giving Scheme a denotational semantics in ...

It is an universal phenomenon that the dislocations are produced in metal plastic deformation, which will has a potential value fundamental research field for strengthening and toughening if its evolution characteristics laws investigated. Therefore, this behavior of movable dislocation Al studied by atomic simulation, microscopic mechanism also revealed through studying interaction between ind...

This study compares the changes in pathway and center of gravity (COG) on the calcaneus of non-involved and involved sides according to eccentric and concentric strengthening in patients with unilateral Achilles tendinopathy. The goal was to define the biomechanical changes according to eccentric strengthening for the development of clinical guidelines. Eighteen patients with Achilles tendinopa...

The diseases of cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by mucus-congested airways. Agents that stimulate the secretion of Cl- are anticipated to facilitate mucociliary clearance and thus be of benefit in the treatment of CF and COPD. Recently 1-EBIO (1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone or 1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one) was shown to stimulate ...

A Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis of the mixed phosphine complexes Au(PPh 3 )(Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 3 PPh 2 )X shows a clear trend in the metal geometry as the anion X is varied: the softer the anion, the more it is tetrahedral, or alternatively, the more ionic the complex, the more the complex geometry approaches trigonal planar. A strong (soft) donor as cyanide (X = CN) penetrates markedly t...

Plasma electrolytic boriding (PEB) is a method of combination surface strengthening and surface texturing on metal. In this study, the kinetics and the lubrication friction of borided layers in the plasma electrolytic boriding on the Q235 were investigated in an aqueous solution for 5–15 min. The cross-section and surface morphologies of the boriding layers were confirmed using scanning electro...