The notion of replicating the unique fracture resistance of natural composites in synthetic materials has generated much interest but has yielded few real technological advances. Here we demonstrate how using ice-templated structures, the concept of hierarchical design can be applied to conventional compounds such as alumina and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to make bulk hybrid materials tha...

Spider silk shows great potential as a biomaterial: in addition to biocompatibility and biodegradability, its strength and toughness are greater than native biological fibres (e.g. collagen), with toughness exceeding that of synthetic fibres (e.g. nylon). Although the ultimate tensile strength and toughness at failure are unlikely to be limiting factors, its yield strain of 2% is insufficient, ...

statement  of  problem:  patients’ demand  for  tooth-colored  restoratives  in the posterior region is increasing. clinicians use universal nanohybrid resin composites for both anterior and posterior regions. there are few published reports comparing fracture toughness of nonohybrids and that of hybrid composite stored wet and dry. objectives: to investigate the fracture toughness of three nan...

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of alloying elements and thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) i.e. hot rolling and forging with different reduction ratios on the hardness (HV) and impact toughness (J) of heat-treated low alloy steels. An understanding of the combined effect of TMT and alloying elements and by measuring hardness, impact toughness, resulting from differen...

Nanostructured bainite was obtained in high-carbon Si-Al-rich steel by low-temperature (220-260 °C) isothermal transformation after austenitisation at different temperatures (900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1150 °C). Improved strength-ductility-toughness balance was achieved in the nanostructured bainitic steel austenitised at low temperatures (900 °C and 1000 °C). Increasing the austenitising temperature...

The 45-T Hybrid magnet will employ Cable-In-Conduit Conductor (CICC) technology for the windings of the Nb3Sn and NbTi coils. The conduit steel must retain high strength and fracture toughness at 4 K, following the Nb3Sn reaction heat treatment. The design requirements call for a 4 K yield strength exceeding 1000 MPa and a 4 K fracture toughness (KIc) greater than 110 MPa m -0.5. We report the ...

An attempt has been made to determine the strength and impact properties of Cr-Mo steel weld and base materials by varying the current during manual metal arc welding. Toughness over a temperature range from -32 to 100°C of base, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld zones at three current settings are made. It is observed that the deterioration in notch toughness at any zone with the temperature d...

OBJECTIVES The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrated differences between the feeding competencies of adult and juvenile tufted ...

We demonstrate a new method that can simultaneously improve the strength and toughness of the glass fiber-reinforced bismaleimide-triazine (BT) resin composites by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to construct a flexible bridge at the interface. The mechanical properties, including the elongation, ultimate tensile stress, Young's modulus, toughness and dynamical mechanical properties were studie...

In spite of their popularity in fulfilling aesthetic requirements, plastic brackets still present some disadvantages because of their low elastic modulus, decreased fracture toughness, and reduced wear resistance. Fibre-reinforced composites are well established in dentistry and consist of a polymer matrix in which reinforcing fibres are embedded. Stress is transferred from the polymer matrix t...