A dsRNA detector in the immune toolkit Nod-like receptor (NLR) proteins recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns within cells, which triggers formation of signaling complexes called inflammasomes. These then initiate pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form cell death. Recent work has shown that rhinovirus protease can activate human NLRP1 inflammasome, but it was unclear whether this is ...

Abstract Transgenic plants that express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting vital insect genes have recently emerged as a valuable new tool for pest control. In this study, tobacco were transformed to produce dsRNA Sl 102 gene is involved in the immune response of Spodoptera littoralis larvae, serious lepidopteran several crops. Experimental larvae reared on transgenic lines showed (1) strong...

The family Cystoviridae comprises several bacteriophages with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes. We have previously purified the catalytic polymerase subunit (Pol) of one of the Cystoviridae members, bacteriophage phi6, and shown that the protein can catalyze RNA synthesis in vitro. In this reaction, both bacteriophage-specific and heterologous RNAs can serve as templates, but those containin...

The treatment of human embryonic kidney 293 cells harboring a hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon with the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimic poly(I . C) inhibits HCV RNA replication through an undefined mechanism. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF 3) has been widely postulated to mediate various antiviral responses, and its role in mediating the response to dsRNA in 293 cells was exam...

A crude RNA polymerase preparation was made from HeLa cells infected for 3 h with poliovirus. All virus-specific RNA species labeled in vitro (35S RNA, replicative intermediate RNA [RI], and double-stranded RNA [dsRNA]) would bind to poly(U) filters and contained RNase-resistant stretches of poly(A) which could be analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. After incubation for 45 min w...

Abstract Since its emergence in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality humans. SARS-CoV-2-induced impaired antiviral excessive inflammatory responses drive acute lung injury severe pneumonia. However, the key pattern recognition receptors that elicit effective pathogenic are not well defined. CoVs single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses make double-stranded (dsRNA) intermed...

Endornaviruses have large double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes that carry a single open reading frame (ORF). Here we report the complete genome of a novel endornavirus, assembled from next-generation sequence data generated from Vitis vinifera-extracted dsRNA. Two different fungal hosts have been identified for this virus, suggesting that horizontal transmission of the virus is possible.

RNA interference (RNAi) in the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, occurs systemically. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) provided in the diet can be absorbed from the gut lumen and distributed throughout the body, triggering RNAi in tissues that are not exposed to the initial dsRNA trigger. This is in marked contrast to other animals, in which RNAi does not spread from targeted tissues to neighbo...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific gene silencing in eukaryotes through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is now used as a powerful tool for functional genomics in many eukaryotes, including plants. We herein report a dsRNA-mediated transient RNAi assay system using protoplasts from Arabidopsis mesophyll cells and suspension-cultured cells (cell line T87). Intr...

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) leader RNA, which contains double-stranded regions due to inverted repeats, was shown to activate the dsRNA-dependent enzymes associated with the interferon system. HIV-1 leader RNA produced in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase was characterized using probes for antisense and sense-strand RNA. The RNA preparation was free from significant levels of antisense ...