The purpose of this study is to show that direct speech in narratives introduced by “von wegen” (‘like’) and “nach dem Motto” (‘along the lines of’) can be analyzed as a powerful means transform stretch talk into massive “stance index” which transcends boundaries between narrator’s world narrated terms narrative metalepsis. “Von are non-canonical reporting frames syntactically flexible semantic...

Description of interactive oral story-telling in West African Niger-Congo languages, “orature” contrast to “literature”, has traditionally been firmly the domain anthropological linguistics. The discourse structures narrator-responder interaction and call-response chanted interludes their prosody are an open challenge analysts, linguists phoneticians. Two orature examples from related recorded ...