The defect chemistry of perovskite compounds is directly related to the stoichiometry and valence states transition-metal ions. Defect engineering has become increasingly popular as it offers possibility influence catalytic properties perovskites for applications in energy storage conversion devices such solid-oxide fuel electrolyzer cells. LaFeO3 (LFO) can be regarded a base compound family ca...

in this study, eutrophication was investigated in lake ontario to identify the interactions among effective drivers. the complexity of such phenomenon was modeled using a system dynamics approach based on a consideration of constant and variable stoichiometric ratios. the system dynamics approach is a powerful tool for developing object-oriented models to simulate complex phenomena that involve...

the complexation reactions between methylthymol blue (mtb) and co2+, ni2+, cu2+, zn2+ and pb2+ ions have been studied in different water-methanol mixtures at ph 4.45 and 25 °c by a spectrophotometric technique. the stepwise stability constants of the resulting 1:1 and 2:1 (metal ion to ligand) complexes were determined from the absorbance-mole ratio data. it was found that the overall stability...

the complexation reactions between tl+ and pb2+ ions and crown ethers 12-crown-4(12c4), 15-crown-5 (15c5), benzo-15-crown-5 (b15c5), 18-crown-6 (18c6), dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (dc18c6) and aza-18-crown-6 (a18c6) were studied in 90% acetonitrile and 90% ethanol solutions at 25 °c, using an a.c. polarographic technique. the stoichiometry and stability of the complexes were determined by monitorin...

formation of the molecular complexes between meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (tpp) and the p-acceptors 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (ddq) and tetracyanothylene (tcne) in chloroform solution was investigated spectrophotometrically. the formation constants of the resulting 1:1 molecular complexes were determined using the benesi-hildebrand and nash methods. the tpp-ddq proved to be more stable ...

AIMS To find methods for potent drug development by targeting to biocomplex with high copy number. METHODS Phi29 DNA packaging motor components with different stoichiometries were used as model to assay virion assembly with Yang Hui's Triangle [Formula: see text], where Z = stoichiometry, M = drugged subunits per biocomplex, p and q are the fraction of drugged and undrugged subunits in the po...

Direct disposal of spent nuclear fuel in underground repositories stable geological formations is an alternative option for the reprocessing Japan. Upon breakdown barriers between waste storage containers and environment a deep repository, release radioactive nuclei from into will occur via groundwater. The be dependent on dissolution rate at fuel/groundwater interface. surface UO2 oxidized for...

X-ray and neutron diffraction studies succeeded in the 1960s to determine principal structural properties of congruent lithium niobate. However, nature intrinsic defects related non-stoichiometry this material remained an object controversial discussion. In addition, incorporation mechanism for dopants crystal lattice, showing a solubility range from about 0.1 mol% rare earths 9 some elements (...

The impact of UV light (? = 365 nm) on defect chemistry and composition undoped SrTiO3 single crystals was investigated by means impedance spectroscopy. In-plane conductivity measurements between 280 450 °C in air reveal a drastic increase the bulk upon illumination. measured time dependence this is accordance with oxygen chemical diffusion SrTiO3. corresponding photo-induced change concentrati...