Software transactional memory (STM) is a programming paradigm that may be influential in the near future. We discuss the motivations for STM, its relationship with database concepts, and the state of current implementations. We close with an example of a concurrent data structure implemented in a current STM, TinySTM.

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) equipped with a field ion microscope (FIM) which operates at room temperature has been constructed and operated successfully to obtain atomically resolved STM images with 100% reproducibility. This instrument, which we call the FI-STM, has been employed for the quantitative study of the Si(100) "2xn" phase.

Two-dimensional self-assembly of 1-octanol molecules on a graphite surface is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solid/liquid interface. STM images reveal that this molecule self-assembles into a compact hydrogen-bonded herringbone nanoarchitecture. Molecules are preferentially arranged in a head-to-head and tail-to-tail fashion. A Moiré pattern appears in the STM ima...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether mandibular setback surgery (MSS) for Class III patients would produce gradients of three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue changes in the vertical and transverse aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples consisted of 26 Class III patients treated with MSS using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms and 3D facial scan images were taken before ...

Software transactional memory (STM) is a programming abstraction for organizing access to shared mutable state in concurrent programs by dividing work into atomic units, called transactions. Dynamic STM builds on this idea by allowing extra runtime decisions about transactions and memory usage, therefore it is useful for working with dynamic-sized data structures. This review first introduces S...

DNA has been at the center of an imaging effort since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In some of the STM imaging reports the molecules appeared with negative contrast, i.e., "submerged" under the metal background and darker. We demonstrate the phenomenon of contrast inversion in DNA STM imaging by controlled and spontaneous contrast inversions and by the dependence of ...

The atomic arrangement of the technologically important As-rich GaAs 001 2 3 4 reconstructed surface is determined using bias-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first-principles electronic structure calculations. The STM images reveal the relative position and depth of the atomicscale features within the trenches between the top-layer As dimers, which are in agreement with the b2...

Remembering complex events requires binding features within unified objects (conjunctions) and holding associations between objects (relations). Recent studies suggest that the two functions dissociate in long-term memory (LTM). Less is known about their functional organization in short-term memory (STM). The present study investigated this issue in patient AE affected by a stroke which caused ...

Accumulating evidence suggests that top-down processes, reflected by frontal-midline theta-band (4-8 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, strengthen the activation of a memory set during short-term memory (STM) retention. In addition, the amplitude of posterior alpha-band (8-13 Hz) oscillations during STM retention is thought to reflect a mechanism that protects fragile STM activations ...

Software Transactional Memory (STM) implementations typically instrument each memory access within transactions with a call to an STM barrier to ensure the correctness of the transactions. Compared to simple memory accesses, STMbarriers are complex operations that add significant overhead to transactions doing many memory accesses. Thus, whereas STMs have shown good results for micro-benchmarks...