A square splittered and unsplittered rod is placed in a turbulent boundary layer developed over a flat plate. The effect of the resulting disturbances on the local heat transfer coefficient is then studied. In both cases the square rod modifies the flow structure inside the boundary layer. As a result, a stagnation point, a jet and wake area are generated around the square rod, each making a co...

Nano HA rod was synthesized by precipitation method using Ca(NO3)24H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 as starting materials and ammonia solution as an agent for pH adjustment. The Ca/P molar ratio was maintained at 1.67. Then, the effect of different pH (4, 6, 8, 10, 11), different surfactants and different times for dialyses on nano HA rod were studied in this study. The samples were characterized by differen...

By changing the temperature, pH, stirring rate, or time for calcium carbonate crystallization, complex shapes of aggregated calcium carbonates formed. Such shapes have earlier been ascribed to specific interactions with specialized additives. Without polymeric additives, aggregates of vaterite transformed more rapidly into calcite aggregates under slow than under fast stirring. With an anionic ...

A method of visualizing and characterizing stirring structures of high Rayleigh number geophysical flows whose time dependence is strongly aperiodic is presented. To this end, the system is leaked by defining a smaller region of the flow, so that a particle is considered to be escaped if it enters this region. By means of an ensemble of nonescaped tracers, we are able to characterize stirring a...

during storage, serum separation is a major defect that affects the market share of doogh. therefore, in the present study the effects of high shear stirring and homogenization, as major operation units, on the stability was investigated. to do so, dooghs were stirred at various speeds and time scales (9000 rpm and 11000 rpm for 30 s and 2 min), homogenized at different pressures (0, 20, 50, 80...