Spirulina maxima is a microalgae which contains flavonoids and other polyphenols. Although Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has diverse beneficial effects, its effects on neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SM70EE against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells. SM70EE inhibited the cleavage of ...

Oral administration of Abnormal Savda Munsiq (ASMq), a herbal preparation used in Traditional Uighur Medicine, was found to exert a memory-enhancing effect in the chronic stressed mice, induced by electric foot-shock. The memory improvement of the stressed mice was shown by an increase of the latency time in the step-through test and the decrease of the latency time in the Y-maze test. Treatmen...

The high performance potential of an FPGA is not fully exploited if a design suffers a memory bottleneck. Therefore, a memory hierarchy is needed to reuse data in on-chip buffer memories and minimize the number of accesses to off-chip memory. Buffer memories not only hide the external memory latency, but can also be used to remap data and augment the on-chip bandwidth through parallel access of...

The high potential performance of FPGAs cannot be exploited if a design suffers a memory bottleneck. Therefore, a memory hierarchy is needed to reuse data in on-chip memories and minimize the number of accesses to off-chip memory. Buffer memories not only hide the external memory latency, but can also be used to remap data and augment the on-chip bandwidth through parallel access of multiple bu...

introduction: drugs of abuse such as nicotine and morphine used systemically by addicts produce their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. furthermore, evidence indicates that some behavioral effects of nicotine and morphine are mediated by nitric oxide (no). based on these observations, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra-nucleus accumbens (nac) inj...

This letter presents a conversion-less algebraic interleaver architecture for low-latency interleave division multiple access (IDMA) systems. The existing architectures adopt the two-step approach that first generates set of sequential indices, and then converts it into interleaved elongating latency. In contrast, proposed structure directly produces indices by employing logic keeps returning n...

We examine the formation of giant elliptical galaxies using their globular cluster (GC) systems as probes of their evolutionary history. The bimodal distributions of GC metallicities in such galaxies are often cited as evidence for the formation of giant elliptical galaxies through mergers involving gas-rich spirals, with the metal-rich GCs forming during the merger process. We explore an alter...