Bottom-blowing, as widely adopted in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking technology, stir the molten bath by blowing inert gas (Ar, N2) from the bottom of EAF to promote fluid flow and uneven metallurgical reaction in the molten bath. However, for eccentric structure design of electric arc furnace, the problem still exists in EBT(Eccentric Bottom Tapping)area. In this study, by the analysis ...

A water model with a low temperature (-170 ) gas blow °C -in system was established to simulate the phenolmena inside a steelmaking furnace, to investigate the effects of gas bottom blowing conditions on the shape and dimensions of the mushroom formation, sitting on the gas tuyeres. It was observed that ice mushroom formations in the shape of cones with hollow channels for gas flow through were...

Hydrogen direct reduction is one of the technological process solutions for making steel, explored in framework reducing GHG emissions from steel sector (Net-Zero steel). However, there are many other solutions, which have been since 1980s or earlier. The present paper starts by comparing all these different options terms 3 criteria: energy needs, and total production cost steel. extensive simu...

The European steel industry is experiencing new challenges related to the market situation and climate policy. Experience from period of pandemic restrictions effects Russia’s armed invasion Ukraine has given many countries a basis for including along with raw materials (coke, iron ore, electricity) in economic security products (CRMA). Steel needed infrastructure construction development as we...

The energy system in a modern integrated steel plant is a complicated network of units exchanging energy and matter with each other. System studies using process integration tools are important to avoid sub-optimization. At the steel plant in Luleå such studies have been carried out using a MILP-based mathematical programming tool (reMIND), mainly because of its inherent flexibility for handlin...

A sediment sampling based on a two-dimensional mapping was performed in the harbour of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), considering 28 sites exposed to pollutant inputs from harbour and industrial activities. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in surface sediments, because these very persistent pollutants seem to be responsible for the d...

Natural Zn reserves might be exhausted in the following decades. Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is an essential secondary resource. The recovery of from EAF a critical factor sustainable development industry and steelmaking industry. Efficient destruction ZnFe2O4 crystal structure separation Fe are key issues to recycle dust. Molten metal chlorides believed effective breaking ZnFe2O4. This wor...

Due to increased competition in a world economy, steel companies are currently interested in developing techniques that will allow for the improvement of the steelmaking process, either by increasing output efficiency or by improving the quality of their product, or both. Slag foaming is one practice that has been shown to contribute to both these goals. This paper describes an effort in progre...

Assessing the quality of a weld in the steelmaking industry is a complex task. The level of complexity increases when the assessment is based on non-destructive tests. Skilled technicians are often required to make a decision based on automatic assessments of welds. Technicians consider the results of the automatic assessments and use their expert knowledge in order to make a final decision abo...