To evaluate the biofuel potential of bagasse, an abundant co-product in sugarcane-based industries, the effect of steam explosion on the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification and anaerobic digestion was studied. Bagasse was steam exploded at four different severity levels, and the impact of pretreatment was evaluated by analyzing the release of glucose after enzymatic saccharification with C...

A two-phase field experiment on the effect of N application was studied on growth, yield and quality of seed cane of sugarcane variety, B41/227 at Finchaa Sugarcane Plantation during 2000/2001 and 2002/2003 cropping years. Thirty two treatments comprised of four N levels – 0, 46, 92 and 138kg/ha, and applied at 2 1 /2, 5 and 7 1 /2 months after planting in whole and split applications were used...

Steam explosion at 180, 190 and 200°C for 15min was applied to sugarcane straw in an industrial sugar/ethanol reactor (2.5m(3)). The pretreated straw was delignificated by sodium hydroxide and hydrolyzed with cellulases, or submitted directly to enzymatic hydrolysis after the pretreatment. The pretreatments led to remarkable hemicellulose solubilization, with the maximum (92.7%) for pretreatmen...

Field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of formulated baits of 0.005% brodifacoum, 0.0375% coumatetralyl, 0.005% bromethalin and 2% zinc phosphide against field rats inhabiting sugarcane crop. The efficacy was calculated on the criterion of reduction in rodent activity, damaged canes and yield of harvested canes. After five applications of baits, the rodent activity reduced to 9...

The structure of lignin after dilute phosphoric acid plus steam explosion pretreatment process of sugarcane bagasse in a pilot scale and the effect of the lignin extracted by ethanol on subsequent cellulose hydrolysis were investigated. The lignin structural changes caused by pretreatment were identified using advanced nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), quant...

Maize (Zea mays L.) stem is thought to function alternately as a net importing and net exporting organ during ontogeny, depending on whole plant photosynthetic source and sink status. The [(14)C]sucrose and [(14)C]glucose uptake capacity of stem tissues was investigated to increase our understanding of the transport factors which may influence sink status.Uptake from solutions containing up to ...

abstract: mustard is a natural multi-functional additive with strong hot flavor. in this research, powdered yellow mustard (sinapis alba) was heated by 21 different thermal processes, statistically designed by response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of combinations of heating media (hot air, hot water and steam) and heating time (0-20 min) on residual myrosinase activity, the minim...

Ten field experiments, in which high rates of Roundup (glyphosate, 410g ailQ) and Fusilade Super (fluazifop-butyl, 125 g ailQ) were sprayed onto sugarcane cropsshortly before harvest, were carried out over a period of two years. Changes in cane quality were measured and regrowth of the subsequent ratoon was assessed. Treatment with Fusilade Superdid not result in an acceptable kill of the stool...

Distension-evoked reflex of rectorectal (R-R) contractions and rectointernal anal sphincter (R-IAS) relaxations can be generated in guinea pigs through an extrinsic sacral excitatory neural pathway (pelvic nerves) as well as intrinsic cholinergic excitatory and nitrergic inhibitory pathways. The aim of the present study was to create intrinsic R-R and R-IAS reflex models by pithing (destruction...