This self-report measure indicates the intensity of feelings of anxiety; it distinguishes between state anxiety (a temporary condition experienced in specific situations) and trait anxiety (a general tendency to perceive situations as threatening). It was originally developed as a research instrument to study anxiety in normal adult population samples, but it can also be used to screen for anxi...

A recurring question in the study of computer anxiety is whether computer anxiety is a relatively stable personality trait or a mutable, temporary state. The two studies reported examined this question in two groups of first year psychology students. These students were requested to complete a computer anxiety test, a trait anxiety test, and a state anxiety test. Some groups were administered t...

Background & Aims: Many complications could follow the operation as one of many treatments for cardiac problems. Anxiety is one of these complications, which could be perilous for patients affecting their hemodynamics before surgery. This research aimed to determine the effect of virtual tour training and orientation by nurses on patients' anxiety levels. Materials & Methods: This study is a p...

Background: Preoperational anxiety is a challenging issue in preoperative care of patients. However, lavender aromatherapy can be useful as a nursing intervention to reduce some symptoms of the anxiety. This study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy on the anxiety of patients undergoing surgical reconstruction of the upper limb. Methods: In this non-randomized clinical trial, a total...

The present study examined how the level of trait anxiety, which is a personality characteristic, influences state anxiety and penalty shoot-out performance under pressure by instruction. The high and low trait anxiety groups were selected by using Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale, with trait anxiety scores, and control and pressure conditions manipulated by instructions. The participants were...

BACKGROUND We aimed to determine if preprocedural anxiety levels had a significant association with procedure-related pain in women undergoing office hysteroscopy (OH) and also to assess the effect of various clinical factors on pain perception in these women. METHODS There were 148 women undergoing OH enrolled in this observational study. Before examination, patients were asked to complete t...

This study examined mathematics anxiety among high and low achieving students (N = 237, grades 9 and 10) by contrasting trait (habitual) and state (momentary) assessments of anxiety. Previous studies have found that trait anxiety measures are typically rated higher than state measures. Furthermore, the academic self concept has been identified to play a moderating role in the trait state discre...