Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5, including STAT 5a and STAT 5b, was reported to play important roles in the malignant biological behaviors of tumors. However, their roles in gastric cancer, especially for STAT 5b remain unknown. This study aimed to detect the expression of STAT 5b in gastric cancer cells and analyze the role and possible mechanism of STAT 5b in the che...

A tissue antigen, HLA-B27, is strongly associated with a group of rheumatic diseases called spondyloarthritides. Despite the intensive research, the exact role of HLA-B27 in the pathogenesis of these diseases is still unclear. Here we studied whether HLA-B27 modulates the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) serine 727 residue and the localization of ST...

A global revision of Convolvulus L. is presented, Calystegia R.Br. being excluded on pragmatic grounds. One hundred and ninety species are recognised with the greatest diversity in the Irano-Turanian region. All recognised species are described and the majority are illustrated. Distribution details, keys to species identification and taxonomic notes are provided. Four new species, Convolvulusau...

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are key molecular determinants of T cell fate and effector function. A number of inflammatory diseases are characterized by an altered balance of T cell phenotypes and cytokine secretion. STATs, therefore, represent viable therapeutic targets in numerous pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of how the same STAT proteins regul...

The transcription factor STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) plays a pivotal role in the expression of inflammatory gene products involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis such as various cytokines and the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40/CD40L) receptor-ligand dyad. The therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) binding and neutralizing STAT-1 was tested...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by myelin-specific CD4+ T cells secreting Th1 and/or Th17 cytokines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins have essential roles in transmitting Th1 and/or Th17 cytokine-mediated signals. However, most studies demonstrating the importance of the STAT signaling system in EAE have focused on distinct memb...

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) facilitate action of cytokines, growth factors and pathogens. STAT activation is mediated by a highly conserved SH2 domain, which interacts with phosphotyrosine motifs for specific STAT-receptor contacts and STAT dimerization. The active dimers induce gene transcription in the nucleus by binding to a specific DNA-response element in the...

1. (a) Partial likelihood estimates of the coefficients in the proportional hazards model using , are shown below with standard errors. Those results suggest that, after adjusting for effects of the other variables in the model, patient-donor age interaction ( ), low risk for acute myelotic leukemia ( ) and the FAB morphology score ( ) have significant associations with disease free survival. 1...

2. In a study of the effects of treating multiple sclerosis patients with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) (reported by Jacobs, O'Malley, Freeman, and Ekes (1981), Science, 214, pp. 1026-1028), 20 multiple sclerosis patients were randomly divided into a group of 10 IFN-B recipients and a group of 10 controls. At the beginning of the study the severity of each patient's symptoms was evaluated...

Interferons (IFNs), which were discovered a half century ago, are a group of secreted proteins that play key roles in innate immunity against viral infection. The major signaling pathway activated by IFNs is the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, which leads to the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including many antiviral effectors. Virus...