In the present-day universe, it appears that most, and perhaps all, massive stars are born in star clusters. It also appears that all star clusters contain stars drawn from an approximately universal initial mass function, so that almost all rich young star clusters contain massive stars. In this review I discuss the physical processes associated with both massive star formation and with star c...

A novel way of looking at the evolution of star clusters is presented. With a dynamical temperature, given by the mean kinetic energy of the cluster stars, and a dynamical luminosity, which is defined as the kinetic energy of the stars leaving the cluster in analogy to the energy of photons emitted by a star, the dissolution of star clusters is studied using a new dynamical temperature-luminosi...

The stellar initial mass functions (IMFs) for the Galactic bulge, the Milky Way, other galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the integrated stars in the Universe are composites from countless individual IMFs in star clusters and associations where stars form. These galaxy-scale IMFs, reviewed in detail here, are not steeper than the cluster IMFs except in rare cases. This is true even though low ...

We present the results of a panoramic (15 Mpc scale) survey of the Cl 0016+16 (z = 0.55) supercluster using Spitzer Space Telescope Multiband Infrared Photometer (MIPS) 24-μm and Galaxy Evolution Explorer near-ultraviolet (2500 Å; NUV) imaging. The supercluster regions probed are characterized by several dense nodes connected by a pronounced intermediatedensity filamentary structure. We have st...