We investigated effects of different metabolic states on reproductive performance in lactating, primiparous sows. Sows were fed ad libitum (AL; n = 12), alimentated via a gastric cannula to 125% of AL feed intake (SA; n = 8), or restricted (R; n = 9) to 50% of AL from d 1 to 28 of lactation. At weaning, all sows were fed 2.5x maintenance energy requirements until standing heat and then fed twic...

The single-beam mirage effect, also known as photothermal deflection, is studied using a free-standing, highly aligned carbon nanotube aerogel sheet as the heat source. The extremely low thermal capacitance and high heat transfer ability of these transparent forest-drawn carbon nanotube sheets enables high frequency modulation of sheet temperature over an enormous temperature range, thereby pro...

Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake and feed efficiency; in extreme cases, it can cause death. These losses amount to millions of dollars each year. A study was designed to determine severity of heat stress among four breeds of cattle. Throughout two summers, 256 feedlot heifers of four different breeds were observed. Respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures...

To determine safe working conditions in emergency situations at petro-chemical plants in the Netherlands a study was performed on three protective clothing combinations (operator's, firefighter's and aluminized). The clothing was evaluated at four different heat radiation levels (3.0, 4.6, 6.3 and 10.0 k∙W∙m-2) in standing and walking posture with a thermal manikin RadMan™. Time till pain thres...

To simulate the effects of prolonged standing in the workplace on the leg muscles, we subjected mice to centrifugation for 6 wk. The absolute wet weight of leg muscles and internal organs of mice were measured after exposure to 3G by centrifugation for 6 wk and at 2 wk after removal of centrifugation. The weight of the soleus muscle (antigravity muscle) significantly increased after 6-wk exposu...

The thermoacoustic effect that results from the interaction of a sound wave in a compressible fluid in contact with solid boundaries is known to be capable of removing heat from power dissipating systems. In this paper the standing wave acoustic field that is generated in an open ended duct, a section of which is heated, and how it interacts with the aerodynamic flow field is examined by an exp...

Thermal radiative emission from a hot surface to a cold surface plays an important role in many applications, including energy conversion, thermal management, lithography, data storage and thermal microscopy. Recent studies on bulk materials have confirmed long-standing theoretical predictions indicating that when the gap between the surfaces is reduced to tens of nanometres, well below the pea...

Physiological systems respond acutely to stress to minimize homeostatic disturbance, and typically adapt to chronic stress to enhance tolerance to that or a related stressor. It is legitimate to ask whether dehydration is a valuable stressor in stimulating adaptation per se. While hypoxia has had long-standing interest by athletes and researchers as an ergogenic aid, heat and nutritional stress...

We demonstrate the fabrication of vertical InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on large-area free-standing membranes, using a mechanical lift-off technique enabled by 2D h-BN. 30 μm-thick electroplated copper deposited epilayer (i) gives rigidity to structure, preventing crack generation, (ii) functions as back mirror and heat sink, (iii) enables one-step self-lift-off transfer LED structures fr...