Abstract Liposomes are used widely as drug delivery systems in different forms including nanosuspensions, osmotic pumps, infusion pumps and IV injections. Some of these systems (e.g. infusion or osmotic pumps) might stay stagnant for a long time during or before administration, and therefore, might face phase separation. In spite of these, there is no data available about the behavior of lipos...

1 Different Ways of Representing T • The speed of sound, a, is formally defined as (∂p/∂ρ) s. It is a function of that thermodynamic state variables of the gas. The stagnation enthalphy of a steady flow streamtube is defined by " h • ≡ h + 1 2 u 2. (1) It depends not only of the thermodynamic state of the gas, but also on the magnitude of the flow velocity u. Using the perfect gas approximation...

We utilize a recently developed microfluidic device, the Optimized Shape Cross-slot Extensional Rheometer (OSCER), to study the elongational flow behavior and rheological properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions representative of the synovial fluid (SF) found in the knee joint. The OSCER geometry is a stagnation point device that imposes a planar extensional flow with a homogenous extension...

The classical Helmholtz problem is applied for modelling the axisymmetric inviscid cusp-ended separated flow around a sphere. Two coordinate systems are employed: polar for initial calculations and parabolic the latter being more suitable for investigation of infinitely long stagnation zones. Scaled coordinates are introduced and difference schemes for the free-stream equation and the Bernoulli...

AIMS Stagnation is widely believed to predispose water systems to colonization by Legionella. A model plumbing system was constructed to determine the effect of flow regimes on the presence of Legionella within microbial biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS The plumbing model contained three parallel pipes where turbulent, laminar and stagnant flow regimes were established. Four sets of experiments ...

Tailor-designed alternating current electroosmotic (AC-EO) stagnation flows are used to convect bioparticles globally from a bulk solution to localized dielectrophoretic (DEP) traps that are aligned at the flow stagnation points. The multiscale trap, with a typical trapping time of seconds for a dilute 70 microL volume of 10(3) particles per cc sample, is several orders of magnitude faster than...

The stepped channel design have been used since more than 3,000 years. It is understood that low flows behave as successions of free-jets (i.e. nappe flow) while large discharges skim over the pseudo-bottom formed by the step edges. For a range of intermediate flow rates, a transition flow regime takes place. The dominant feature is stagnation on the horizontal step face associated with signifi...

The surface flows on a droplet in an oscillating pressure field are simulated numerically by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian and level set coupled method. Detailed transient flow fields in and around the droplet are calculated by performing parallel computations, and the flow phenomena in a thin layer around the droplet surface are discussed. The reci...

We investigate self-similar dynamical processes in an isothermal self-gravitational fluid with spherical symmetry. In reference to earlier complementary solution results of Larson, Penston, Shu, Hunter and Whitworth & Summers, we further explore the ‘semi-complete solution space’ from an initial instant t→ 0 to a final stage t→ +∞. These similarity solutions can describe and accommodate physica...