Levin, Schneider and Gaeth (1998) identified three distinct types of framing effects in the literature: attribute-framing effects, goal-framing effects, risky choice-framing effects. While most previous framing studies used between-subjects manipulations of frame, the present study used two sessions, spaced one week apart, to give each of 102 participants both framing conditions and all three t...

In most cases, structural engineers assume a concrete floor to be a rigid diaphragm. Although this simplification is in most cases acceptable, it should be noted that such an assumption may be distrusted due to certain problems. Concrete structures with staggered shear walls are among those whose analysis should be conducted with special concern for the behavior of their floor diaphragms. Howev...

this work concerns the situations in which the framing effects emerge. this has not been an established feature in different studies, so the reasons for its variations have been the subject of various studies since 1980s. present study aimed to determine the variables affecting the feature as well as to address the controversies exist on how these variables affect it. 551 students from engineer...

The outrigger arm system and belt truss with braced core in the center of the structure surrounded by belts truss, is an efficient and reliable system for high-rise buildings against severe lateral forces such as earthquake and wind. The purpose of this research is investigating the outrigger arm system and belt truss with the braced core under lateral loads. Another purpose of this research is...

A small, light, ball-joint device called PinFix, which can instantly convert a simple percutaneous cross pin fracture fixation system into a rigid external fracture fixation system based on truss structure, was developed. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical load and breaking strength of this truss-structure-based fixation system to that of the conventionally used external ca...

truss is considered as equivalent to a beam with shear flexibility. the web thickness of the equivalent beam is calculated for various truss forms. the basic relations utilized in the analysis of structural systems composed of beams with shear flexibility, by means of the force method and the slope - deflection method, are presented. finally, the tables to be used in the analysis of contineous ...

This paper presents a comparative study of two indirect solution representations, a generative and an ontogenic one, on a set of well-known 2D truss design problems. The generative representation encodes the parameters of a trusses design as a mapping from a 2D space. The ontogenic representation encodes truss design parameters as a local truss transformation iterated several times, starting fr...

The prevalent strategy in the topology optimization phase is to select a subset of members existing in an excessively connected truss, called Ground Structure, such that the overall weight or cost is minimized. Although finding a good topology significantly reduces the overall cost, excessive growth of the size of topology space combined with existence of varied types of design variables challe...

The landmark-based morphometric and meristic analysis of the kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), red spotted grouper (E. akaara) and seven-banded grouper (E. septemfasciatus) were performed to compare the differentiation of overall body shape and structure. The measurements of the morphometric dimensions were observed in 25 parts (truss dimension: 16 parts; head part dimension: 9 parts) of 38 m...

The staggered charge-order phase of the extended Hubbard model in the atomic limit Abstract We study the phase diagram of the extended Hubbard model in the atomic limit. At zero temperature, the phase diagram decomposes into six regions: three with homogeneous phases (characterized by particle densities = 0, 1, and 2 and staggered charge density = 0) and three with staggered phases (characteriz...