Robust statistical tools have been used to investigate non-normality and nonlinearity of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observations and coupled model simulations. The analysis confirms previous suggestions that the observed Niño-3 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are positively skewed. The non-linearity is estimated using a simple nonlinear stochastic model, which relates th...

[1] Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are 20to 40-day waves that appear along the sea surface temperature (SST) front of the equatorial cold tongues. In this study, we investigate the atmospheric planetary boundary layer response to TIW-induced SST variations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean using Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Researc...

The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on atmospheric processes over the open ocean has been well documented. However, atmospheric responses to SST in coastal waters are poorly understood. Oceanic stratification (and consequently, SST) in coastal waters largely depends on the fortnightly spring-neap tidal cycle, because of variations in vertical tidal mixing. Here we investigate how cha...

In this study, ocean and atmosphere satellite observations, an atmospheric reanalysis a set of regional numerical simulations the lower are used to assess coupling between sea-surface temperature (SST) marine boundary layer (MABL) as well latent heat flux (LHF) sensitivity SST in north-west tropical Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that SST-MABL depends on spatial scale interest. At scales l...

A consistent analysis of natural variability and secular trend in Pacific SSTs in the twentieth century is presented. By focusing on spatial and temporal recurrence, but without imposition of periodicity constraints, this single analysis discriminates between biennial, ENSO, and decadal variabilities, leading to refined evolutionary descriptions, and between these natural variability modes and ...

A number of recent studies have reported an ENSO-like EOF mode in the global sea surface temperature (SST) field, whose time variability is marked by an abrupt change toward a warmer tropical eastern Pacific and a colder extratropical central North Pacific in 1976–77. The present study compares this pattern with the structure of the interannual variability associated with the ENSO cycle and doc...

The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insights into Aβ-interacting proteins are critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ-mediated toxicity. We recently undertook an in-depth in vitro interrogation of the Aβ1-42 interactome using human frontal lobes as the biological source material and taking advantage of advances in m...

Some fairly regular and nearly annual variability in the equatorial Pacific after the major 1997/98 El Niño event is studied. Sea level, sea surface temperature (SST), and surface wind anomalies of this variability are tied together in a way similar to the slow cycles of El Niño–Southern Oscillations (ENSO). Despite a slightly longer-than-annual time scale, similar variability was also found in...

The development of the Indian Ocean basin (IOB) mode and its change under global warming are investigated using a pair of integrations with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1). In the simulation under constant climate forcing, the El Niño–induced warming over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and its capacitor effect on summer northwest Pacific climate are ...

6 Forced interannual-to-decadal variability of annual tropical cyclone (TC) track density in 7 the western North Pacific between 1979-2008 is studied using TC tracks from observations 8 and simulations by a 25-km-resolution version of the GFDL High-Resolution Atmospheric 9 Model (HiRAM) that is forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Two modes 10 dominate the decadal variability: a ...