In the H.264/MPEG−4 AVC video coding standard, motion compensation can be performed by partitioning macroblocks into square or rectangular regions to improve inter prediction efficiency. However, current H.264 MB partition set is not optimal because the rigid square or rectangular divisions cannot match the boundary shape of a moving object well. In this paper, we analyze this problem in detail...

This article presents a very efficient SLAM algorithm that works by hierarchically dividing a map into local regions and subregions. At each level of the hierarchy each region stores a matrix representing some of the landmarks contained in this region. To keep those matrices small, only those landmarks are represented that are observable from outside the region. A measurement is integrated into...

In this paper, different first and second derivative filters are investigated to find edge map after denoising a corrupted gray scale image. We have proposed a new derivative filter of first order and described a novel approach of edge finding with an aim to find better edge map in a restored gray scale image. Subjective method has been used by visually comparing the performance of the proposed...

Understanding groundwater-vegetation interactions is crucial for sustaining fragile environments of desert areas such as the Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) in northern China. This study examined spatio-temporal variations in the water table and the associated vegetation status of a 9.71 km2 area that contains meadowland, sandy dunes, and intermediate transitional zones. The depth of the water table an...

An attempt to define the concept of a functor covering both cases (covariant and contravariant) resulted in a structure consisting of two fields: the object map and the morphism map, the first one mapping the Cartesian squares of the set of objects rather than the set of objects. We start with an auxiliary notion of bifunction, i.e. a function mapping the Cartesian square of a set A into the Ca...

Glaciers in the Canadian Rocky Mountains constitute an important freshwater resource. To enhance our understanding of the influence climate and local topography have on glacier area, large numbers of glaciers of different sizes and attributes need to be monitored over periods of many decades. We used Interprovincial Boundary Commission Survey (IBCS) maps of the Alberta–British Columbia (BC) bor...

Recently we developed a model that reproduces the Kanizsa square illusion based on two principles: (1) a spatial 2-D integration of luminance ratio and differentiated depth signals creates a "primary" lightness map and a depth map, respectively, which is then followed by (2) a modification of the primary lightness values under influence of the perceived depth (Kogo, Strecha, Van Gool, & Wageman...

The information acquisition of road traffic flow is requisite for urban traffic control and management. Floating car data (FCD) is emerging technique for traffic flow collection of urban large-scale road network, and it can provide effective means to model and analyze road traffic conditions. Map-matching is one of the key techniques for FCD. The typical navigation map-matching algorithms are n...

A number of important advances have been made in the area of joint equalization and decoding of data transmitted over intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. Turbo equalization is an iterative approach to this problem, in which a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) equalizer and a MAP decoder exchange soft information in the form of prior probabilities over the transmitted symbols. A number...

A crease pattern is an embedded planar graph on a piece of paper. An m×n map is a rectangular piece of paper with a crease pattern that partitions the paper into an m×n regular grid of unit squares. If a map has a configuration such that all the faces of the map are stacked on a unit square and the paper does not self-intersect, then it is flat foldable, and the linear ordering of the faces is ...