Understanding why sport fans socially interact with other fans, participate in team-related discussions, recruit new members, and retain membership in sport fan communities is an important issue for sport marketers. In this study, we tested a model of fan community identification that included outcome and moderator variables in the contexts of two major professional sport leagues (soccer and ba...

The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and lived experiences of multiple concussions in professional hockey players using hermeneutic, idiographic, and inductive approaches within an interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviewer was an athlete who had suffered multiple concussions, and the interviewees were five former National Hockey League athletes who had retire...

the aim of this study was to use ahp method to rank the obstacles to improving professional ethics in sport media. in the first step, the existing obstacles were identified by review of literature, searching the authentic websites and finally interview with sport media experts. after this step, the hierarchy tree was portrayed to rank the obstacles and then the analytical hierarchy process (ahp...

The pathologist who discovered chronic traumatic encephalopathy in professional football players didn't set out to attack America's favorite sport. He didn't even know much about the game.

Imagery can be defined as the ability to represent and rehearse in the mind behaviors related to a given situation. The Sport Imagery Questionnaire was developed to measure the frequency of imagery use among athletes. The present study aimed to adapt and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of this instrument. Study 1 appraised content validity using five sport scien...

A metaphor of riding the wave is used as a means of envisioning the future of sport and exercise psychology given what we know about past and present waves in the field. First, I review the waves of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s to understand critical issues in the field and to evaluate the waves as smooth, choppy, or turbulent today. Second, Christina’s (1989) model that views basic and applied ...

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that athletes often choke in high pressure situations because anxiety can affect attention regulation and in turn performance. There are two competing theoretical approaches to explain the negative anxiety-performance relationship. According to skillfocus theories, anxious athletes’ attention is directed at how to execute the sport-specific movements which in...

This study examined how coaches and players constructed and regulated masculinity in organized sport. Using participant observation, we examined the role of discourses in the construction and regulation of sporting masculinity within a semi-professional British football (soccer) team. Two predominant discourses were present: (a) masculinity establishing discourse, and (b) masculinity challengin...