To examine the responses of the secondary lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura to two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn hybrids [5422Bt1 (Event Bt11), 5422CBCL (MON810)] expressing Cry1Ab, larval bioassays with Cry1Ab toxin, corn leaves or kernels and bagging on corn plants were conducted. The results showed that larvae displayed a similar performance when fed kernels, but not leaves of 5422Bt1, ...

The conventional system of rice plantation has been applied in Malang, Indonesia. Standard chemical fertilizer and pesticide application were used this field. Soil samples rhizosphere showed the existence several entomopathogenic fungi including Penicillium sp, Aspergillus Trichoderma sp some unidentified fungi. diversity value also demonstrated a medium diversity. We conclude that an pesticide...

The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is a rapidly reproducing pest of numerous agricultural ecosystems worldwide. The use of pesticides remains the primary means for controlling S. litura, despite their negative ecological impact and potential threat to human health. The use of exogenous hormone analogs may represent an alternative to insecticides. Juvenile hormones (JHs) play an important ro...

Multiple mating allows females to obtain material (more sperm and nutrient) and/or genetic benefits. The genetic benefit models require sperm from different males to fertilize eggs competitively or the offspring be fathered by multiple males. To maximize genetic benefits from multiple mating, females have evolved strategies to prefer novel versus previous mates in their subsequent matings. Howe...

Armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) is one of the important pests on plant mustard greens. The purpose this research to get type pesticide that effective gives highest effect mortality and intensity attack armyworm in (Brassica juncea L.). method used experimental while design experiment was Complete Random Design (RAL) a single factor for observation Randomized block (RAK) consisting 8 treatments ...

Intensive research on the molecule structures of the gamma-nminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor in agricultural pests has great significance to the mechanism investigation, resistance prevention, and molecular design of novel pesticides. The GABA receptor a2 (SlGABARα2) subunit gene in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was cloned using the technologies of reverse transcription...