Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently, charges and spins have been considered separately. In conventional electronics, the charges are manipulated by electric fields but the spins are ignored. Other classical technologies, magnetic recording for example, are using the spin but only through its macroscopic manifestation, the magnetization of a ferromagnet. This picture started t...

As the scaling continues to reduce the physical feature size and to increase the functional throughput, two most outstanding limitations and major challenges among others, are power dissipation and variability as identified by ITRS. This paper presents the expose, in those collective phenomena, spintronics using appropriate order parameters of magnetic moment. It shows that the benefits of the ...

If you’re a casual reader looking for a spellbinding page-turner, or a curious amateur technophile, this is not the book for you. It is filled with grammatical errors and clumsy diction, the tone is as dry as the Gobi Desert, and there is no graceful introduction beyond the excellent summary in the short Foreword by Albert Fert. After that the various authors plunge directly into advanced techn...

Spintronics is an acronym for a spin transport electronics and was originally used as a name for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program. In 1994, DARPA started to develop magnetic field sensors and memory based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect and spindependent tunneling. The overall goal for the Spintronics program was to create a new generation of electronic ...