BACKGROUND Quality management in the fresh produce industry is an important issue. Spinach is exposed to various adverse conditions (temperature, light, etc.) within the supply chain. The present experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of light conditions (dark, low-intensity light (LL) and high-intensity light (HL)) and photoperiod (6 h HL and 18 h dark) on the quality changes of ...

The primary route of COn incorporation in C-4 plants (corn) has been formulated to be fi-carboxylation catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, while in C-3 plants (spinach) COZ enters the carboxyl carbon of glycerate 3-phosphate after reacting with ribulose 1,5-diphosphate. Detached leaf tissues of spinach and corn were compared with respect to their fixation of CO* in the dark or in the ...

The problems of fish and plant cultivation are limited land, decreasing quality quantity water for human needs, food sources, increasing population on earth. Optimization farming with high stocking densities accompanied by feeding will cause accumulation organic matter in the culture containers which worsen rearing ultimately have an impact physiological conditions, survival growth fish. One te...

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and e...

Free radicals are involved in neurodegenerative disorders, such as ischemia and aging. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with diets enriched with blueberry, spinach, or spirulina have been shown to reduce neurodegenerative changes in aged animals. The purpose of this study was to determine if these diets have neuroprotective effects in focal ischemic brain. Adult male Sprague-Dawle...

Abstract Water is essential for the crops’ growth. Scarcity in water will lead to stress. It vital manage irrigation crops avoid Leafy vegetables, such as spinach ( Spinacea oleracea L.), require higher demand than other vegetables. Therefore, this study was conducted evaluate growth of grown under various regimes and determine at which set most suitable one Three treatments were applied, (T0) ...

Low calcium intake, poor calcium absorption, excessive calcium losses, or some combination of these factors contribute to calcium deficiency diseases. Calcium insufficiency is associated with osteoporosis, hypertension and colon cancer among other diseases. For individuals who do not have access to milk and dairy products, do not tolerate them, or prefer not to consume them, plants may be alter...

BACKGROUND Golden Rice (GR) has been genetically engineered to be rich in β-carotene for use as a source of vitamin A. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the vitamin A value of β-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure β-carotene in oil when consumed by children. DESIGN Children (n = 68; age 6-8 y) were randomly assigned to consume GR or spinach (both grown in a nutrient solutio...