background: most cancer cells become resistant to anti-cancer agents. in the last few years, a new approach for targeted therapy of human cancer has been developed using immunotoxins which comprise both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. methods: in the present study, the recombinant shiga toxin a1 subunit fused to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (a1-gm-csf...

in this syudy a continuous bovine kidney cell line derived from a primary bovine kidney cells was established for the first time in iran. the cells were originating from two-day-old normal male calf of holstein breed. the cell cultures were continuously passaged following complete proliferation of primary cells. the specific properties or characteristics of the cell were defined using cytogene...

introduction: the spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) form the basis of spermatogenesis. in vitro culture of germ cells is useful for the purification and increasing of sscs for transplantation. in the present study, we examined: in vitro the effects of co-culture with sertoli cells, gdnf, scf and gm-csf on efficiency of spermatogonial cells colony formation and spermatogenesis induction in the re...

BACKGROUND Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), a subset of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia, are the foundation of complex process of spermatogenesis and could be propagated in vitro culture conditions for long time for germ cell transplantation and fertility preservation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was in vitro propagation of human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and improvement of ...

Background: Disruption in spermatogenesis and infertility occurred after local testicular heating. In this study in addition to evaluation the long term effects of experimental bilateral and unilateral cryptorchidism on sperm parameters and structure of mouse testis, the genes that involved in programmed cell death after cryptorchidism and treatment methods of decreasing the germ cells in semin...

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate germ-cell development is crucial to reproductive medicine and animal production. Animal gametes originally derive from sexually undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs), which develop into mitotic germ cells (oogonia or spermatogonia) before proceeding to meiosis [Wylie, C. (1999) Cell 96, 165-174]. Spermatogonia are thought to include a populatio...

objective(s):transplantation quality improvement and reduction of cellular damage are important goals that are now considered by researchers. melatonin is secreted from the pineal gland and some organs such as testes. according to beneficial effects of melatonin (such as its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties), researchers have proposed that the use of melatonin may improve transplantatio...

introduction: transplantation of germ cells restores the male fertility. nevertheless, a lot of questions remain incompletely resolved. the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro colonization efficiency of germ cells and sperm production capacity of spermatogonial cells before and after culture by sperm number assay in epididymis of recipient mice. materials and methods: we developed a sert...

Spermatogonial transplantation has demonstrated a unique opportunity for studying spermatogenesis and provided an assay for spermatogonial stem cells. However, it has remained unknown whether germ cells that matured in a xenogeneic environment are functionally normal. In this investigation, we demonstrate the successful production of xenogeneic offspring by using spermatogonial transplantation....

Normal spermatogenesis is essential for reproduction and depends on proper spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) function. Genes and signaling pathways that regulate SSC function have not been well defined. We report that glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling through the RET tyrosine kinase/GFRA1 receptor complex is required for spermatogonial self-renewal in mice. GFRA1 and RET...