the energy of a graph is equal to the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. two graphs of the same order are said to be equienergetic if their energies are equal. we point out the following two open problems for equienergetic graphs. (1) although it is known that there are numerous pairs of equienergetic, non-cospectral trees, it is not known how to systematically construct any such pa...

background & objectives:extended-spectrum-b-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains of klebsiella pneumoniaare an important cause of many serious infections in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients and delayed treatment of these infections in crease chance of death in patients. this study was performed to determine the prevalence of esbl-producing k. pneumonia and to evaluate the frequency o...

The valuation of insurance liabilities has traditionally been dealt with by actuaries, who closely monitored underlying illiquid features, assumed a long-term perspective, and exercised their own subjective, expert judgment. However, the new EU regulatory regime Solvency II (S2) come to require market-consistent supplemented risk-sensitive capital. This is considered an unwanted shift towards s...

With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, mobile networks will enable users to use personal mobile devices to access various network information services at anytime and anyplace. Recently, Lu et al. proposed a dynamic ID based mutual authentication and key agreement scheme using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) which attempts to support better security properties and r...

Spectrum is a valuable, scarce and finite natural resource that is needed for many different applications, so efficient use of the scarce radio spectrum is important for accommodating the rapid growth of wireless communications. Spectrum auctions are one of the best-known market-based solutions to improve the efficiency of spectrum use. However, Spectrum auctions are fundamentally differen...

Life Buoy, also known as a life preserver, is crucial safety tool on board any marine ships. The most common and conventional lifesaver operated manually to save people from drowning, yet this method poses risk for both the victim rescuer. Hence, with help of current technology, smart lifebuoy has been developed, whereby rescuer just operates using remote control. Yet, existing buoy system foun...

Let -----. For an analytic self-map ---  of --- , Let --- be the composition operator with composite map ---  so that ----. Let ---  be a bounded analytic function on --- . The weighted composition operator ---  is defined by --- . Suppose that ---  is the Hardy space, consisting of all analytic functions defined on --- , whose Maclaurin cofficients are square summable. .....