Laser speckle pattern is a granular structure formed due to random coherent wavelet interference and generally considered as noise in optical systems including photolithography. Contrary to this, in this paper, we use the speckle pattern to generate predictable and controlled Gaussian random structures and quasi-random structures photo-lithographically. The random structures made using this pro...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are affected by speckle noise, originated by the SAR system’s coherent nature. The problem of speckle noise in one-dimensional (1-D) data is already solved, as speckle has a multiplicative characteristic. SAR polarimetry represents an extension to multidimensional data by the use of polarization wave diversity. As a consequence of the existence of a correlati...

Optical aberration effects up to the second moment of Gaussian laser speckle are theoretically investigated for both partially and fully developed speckle. In the development, a plane-wave illuminated diffuser generates a phase-perturbed random field in the object plane that creates speckle in the image plane. Theoretical derivations show that image field statistics are generally non-circular G...

Optical speckle is commonly observed in measurements using coherent radiation. While lacking experimental validation, previous work has often assumed that speckle's random spatial pattern follows a Markov process. Here, we present a derivation and experimental confirmation of conditions under which this assumption holds true. We demonstrate that a detected speckle field can be designed to obey ...

Reduction of speckle noise is one of the most important processes to increase the quality of radar coherent images. Image variances or speckle is a granular noise that inherently exists in and degrades the quality of the active radar and SAR images. Before using active radar and SAR imageries, the very first step is to reduce the effect of Speckle noise. Most of speckle reduction techniques hav...

When a diffuse object is illuminated with laser light, a random interference effect known as a speckle pattern is produced. If there is movement in the object, the speckles fluctuate in intensity. These fluctuations can be used to provide information about the movement. A simple way of accessing this information is to image the speckle pattern the fluctuations cause a blurring of the speckle, l...

One of the major factors plaguing the performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is the presence of signal-dependent speckle noise. Grainy in appearance, speckle noise is primarily due to the phase fluctuations of the electromagnetic return signals. Since inherent spatial-correlation characteristics of speckle in SAR images are not exploited in existing multiplicative models for spec...

We studied various approaches for the allocation of mortgage pools, a combinatorial optimization problem faced by nancial institutions that trade in mortgage-backed securities. We review the problem, describe and compare the approaches taken to solve it, and demonstrate how this work motivates further research and the development of a high-level parallel rule language that uses metarules for re...

The potential of ultrasonic image speckle tracking to characterize tissue dynamics has been illustrated and validated elsewhere. In this paper we wish to extend this speckle tracking methodology to 3D. To investigate the feasibility of such an approach we first model the image formation process and simulate the 3D speckle motion inherent to tissue linear transformations (translation, rotation a...

There commonly exists speckle noise in the SAR images. It badly disturbs the extraction and interpretation of the information of the objects, influences the application of the SAR images. So it has important meaning to reduce the speckle noise in the SAR images. In this paper, the mechanism and mathematical model of the speckle noise is firstly analyzed. Then the methods of filtering speckle no...