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Spatial patterns of soil moisture across a field seem to exhibit some degree of temporal stability, which has been proved to be related to such invariant attributes as topography and soil characteristics. However, how these patterns and locations might be predicted from these attributes is not well understood. Motivated by a desire to understand these relationships, the objective of this study ...

A large decrease in the land surface albedo of the Loess Plateau was observed from 2000 to 2010, as measured using satellite imagery. In particular, ecological restoration program regions experienced a decrease in peak season land surface albedo exceeding 0.05. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of variation during the peak season albedo in the Loess Plateau and analyz...

[1] A cloud masking algorithm based on the spatial variability of reflectances at the top of the atmosphere in visible wavelengths was developed for the retrieval of aerosol properties by MODIS. It is shown that the spatial pattern of cloud reflectance as observed from space, is very different from that of aerosols. Clouds show a very high spatial variability in the scale of hundred meters to f...

To characterize Michigan’s high viral meningitis incidence rates, 8,803 cases from 1993–2001 were analyzed for standard epidemiological indices, geographic distribution, and spatio-temporal clusters. Blacks and infants were found to be high-risk groups. Annual seasonality and interannual variability in epidemic magnitude were apparent. Cases were concentrated in southern Michigan, and cumulativ...

2 Foundation: This study was supported by Scientific Foundation of Yunnan (2010CD077) Corresponding author: Feng jian-meng, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In the past, the spatial patterns of specimen have not been paid enough attention. In this study, we probed the spatial pattern of plant specimen and its implications in conservation biology in Hengduan Mountains, one of the hotspots of glo...

Identifying a temporal pattern of events is a fundamental task of on-line (real-time) verification. We present efficient schemes for on-line monitoring of events for identifying desired/undesired patterns of events. The schemes use preprocessing to ensure that the number of comparisons during run-time is minimized. In particular, the first comparison following the time point when an execution s...

High-resolution urban land use maps have important applications in urban planning and management, but the availability of these maps is low in countries such as China. To address this issue, we have developed a protocol to identify urban land use functions over large areas using satellite images and open social data. We first derived parcels from road networks contained in Open Street Map (OSM)...

1. Spatial scaling of frontier malaria – Over the past 35 years, the state of Rondônia in Brazil has been the site of a vast diversity of settlement projects and new communities, developed under both public and private sponsorship. Although the concept of frontier malaria was formulated with a temporal pattern that was specific to a single community, we find that the same temporal pattern exten...

We introduce a novel method for classification and mapping of landforms based on the idea that the Earth’s surface can be described by the two complementary measures: relief-independent, local spatial pattern and the magnitude of the relief itself. The first of these two measures is sufficient to classify and map the landforms. At the core of the method is the concept of geomorphon (geomorpholo...